/*
    * ModeShape (http://www.modeshape.org)
    * See the COPYRIGHT.txt file distributed with this work for information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  Some portions may be licensed
    * to Red Hat, Inc. under one or more contributor license agreements.
    * See the AUTHORS.txt file in the distribution for a full listing of 
    * individual contributors.
    *
    * ModeShape is free software. Unless otherwise indicated, all code in ModeShape
   * is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
   * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
   * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   * 
   * ModeShape is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
   * Lesser General Public License for more details.
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free
   * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
   * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.
   */
  package org.modeshape.graph.query;
  
  import java.math.BigDecimal;
  import java.net.URI;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.LinkedList;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.UUID;
  import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
  import net.jcip.annotations.NotThreadSafe;
  import org.modeshape.common.util.CheckArg;
  import org.modeshape.graph.GraphI18n;
  import org.modeshape.graph.property.Binary;
  import org.modeshape.graph.property.DateTime;
  import org.modeshape.graph.property.Name;
  import org.modeshape.graph.property.Path;
  import org.modeshape.graph.property.PropertyType;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.AllNodes;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.And;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.ArithmeticOperand;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.ArithmeticOperator;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Between;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.BindVariableName;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.ChildNode;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.ChildNodeJoinCondition;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Column;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Comparison;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Constraint;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.DescendantNode;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.DescendantNodeJoinCondition;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.DynamicOperand;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.EquiJoinCondition;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.FullTextSearch;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.FullTextSearchScore;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Join;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.JoinCondition;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.JoinType;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Length;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Limit;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Literal;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.LowerCase;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.NamedSelector;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.NodeDepth;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.NodeLocalName;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.NodeName;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.NodePath;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Not;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Operator;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Or;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Order;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Ordering;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.PropertyExistence;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.PropertyValue;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Query;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.QueryCommand;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.ReferenceValue;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.SameNode;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.SameNodeJoinCondition;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Selector;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.SelectorName;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.SetCriteria;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.SetQuery;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Source;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.StaticOperand;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.TypeSystem;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.UpperCase;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.Visitors;
  import org.modeshape.graph.query.model.SetQuery.Operation;
  
  /**
   * A component that can be used to programmatically create {@link QueryCommand} objects. Simply call methods to build the selector
   * clause, from clause, join criteria, where criteria, limits, and ordering, and then {@link #query() obtain the query}. This
   * builder should be adequate for most queries; however, any query that cannot be expressed by this builder can always be
   * constructed by directly creating the Abstract Query Model classes.
   * <p>
  * This builder is stateful and therefore should only be used by one thread at a time. However, once a query has been built, the
  * builder can be {@link #clear() cleared} and used to create another query.
  * </p>
  * <p>
  * The order in which the methods are called are (for the most part) important. Simply call the methods in the same order that
  * would be most natural in a normal SQL query. For example, the following code creates a Query object that is equivalent to "
  * <code>SELECT * FROM table</code>":
  * 
  * <pre>
  * QueryCommand query = builder.selectStar().from(&quot;table&quot;).query();
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </p>
  * <p>
  * Here are a few other examples:
  * <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" summary="">
  * <tr>
  * <th>SQL Statement</th>
  * <th>QueryBuilder code</th>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * SELECT * FROM table1
  *    INNER JOIN table2
  *            ON table2.c0 = table1.c0
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * query = builder.selectStar().from(&quot;table1&quot;).join(&quot;table2&quot;).on(&quot;table2.c0=table1.c0&quot;).query();
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1
  *    INNER JOIN table2 AS t2
  *            ON t1.c0 = t2.c0
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * query = builder.selectStar().from(&quot;table1 AS t1&quot;).join(&quot;table2 AS t2&quot;).on(&quot;t1.c0=t2.c0&quot;).query();
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1
  *    INNER JOIN table2 AS t2
  *            ON t1.c0 = t2.c0
  *    INNER JOIN table3 AS t3
  *            ON t1.c1 = t3.c1
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * query = builder.selectStar()
  *                .from(&quot;table1 AS t1&quot;)
  *                .innerJoin(&quot;table2 AS t2&quot;)
  *                .on(&quot;t1.c0=t2.c0&quot;)
  *                .innerJoin(&quot;table3 AS t3&quot;)
  *                .on(&quot;t1.c1=t3.c1&quot;)
  *                .query();
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * SELECT * FROM table1
  * UNION
  * SELECT * FROM table2
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * query = builder.selectStar().from(&quot;table1&quot;).union().selectStar().from(&quot;table2&quot;).query();
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * SELECT t1.c1,t1.c2,t2.c3 FROM table1 AS t1
  *    INNER JOIN table2 AS t2
  *            ON t1.c0 = t2.c0
  * UNION ALL
  * SELECT t3.c1,t3.c2,t4.c3 FROM table3 AS t3
  *    INNER JOIN table4 AS t4
  *            ON t3.c0 = t4.c0
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * <td>
  * 
  * <pre>
  * query = builder.select(&quot;t1.c1&quot;,&quot;t1.c2&quot;,&quot;t2.c3&quot;,)
  *                .from(&quot;table1 AS t1&quot;)
  *                .innerJoin(&quot;table2 AS t2&quot;)
  *                .on(&quot;t1.c0=t2.c0&quot;)
  *                .union()
  *                .select(&quot;t3.c1&quot;,&quot;t3.c2&quot;,&quot;t4.c3&quot;,)
  *                .from(&quot;table3 AS t3&quot;)
  *                .innerJoin(&quot;table4 AS t4&quot;)
  *                .on(&quot;t3.c0=t4.c0&quot;)
  *                .query();
  * </pre>
  * 
  * </td>
  * </tr>
  * </table>
  * </pre>
  */
 @NotThreadSafe
 public class QueryBuilder {
 
     protected final TypeSystem typeSystem;
     protected Source source = new AllNodes();
     protected Constraint constraint;
     protected List<Column> columns = new LinkedList<Column>();
     protected List<Ordering> orderings = new LinkedList<Ordering>();
     protected Limit limit = Limit.NONE;
     protected boolean distinct;
     protected QueryCommand firstQuery;
     protected Operation firstQuerySetOperation;
     protected boolean firstQueryAll;
 
     /**
      * Create a new builder that uses the supplied execution context.
      * 
      * @param context the execution context
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the context is null
      */
     public QueryBuilder( TypeSystem context ) {
         CheckArg.isNotNull(context, "context");
         this.typeSystem = context;
     }
 
     /**
      * Clear this builder completely to start building a new query.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder clear() {
         return clear(true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Utility method that does all the work of the clear, but with a flag that defines whether to clear the first query. This
      * method is used by {@link #clear()} as well as the {@link #union() many} {@link #intersect() set} {@link #except()
      * operations}.
      * 
      * @param clearFirstQuery true if the first query should be cleared, or false if the first query should be retained
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     protected QueryBuilder clear( boolean clearFirstQuery ) {
         source = new AllNodes();
         constraint = null;
         columns = new LinkedList<Column>();
         orderings = new LinkedList<Ordering>();
         limit = Limit.NONE;
         distinct = false;
         if (clearFirstQuery) {
             this.firstQuery = null;
             this.firstQuerySetOperation = null;
         }
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Convenience method that creates a selector name object using the supplied string.
      * 
      * @param name the name of the selector; may not be null
      * @return the selector name; never null
      */
     protected SelectorName selector( String name ) {
         return new SelectorName(name.trim());
     }
 
     /**
      * Convenience method that creates a {@link NamedSelector} object given a string that contains the selector name and
      * optionally an alias. The format of the string parameter is <code>name [AS alias]</code>. Leading and trailing whitespace
      * are trimmed.
      * 
      * @param nameWithOptionalAlias the name and optional alias; may not be null
      * @return the named selector object; never null
      */
     protected NamedSelector namedSelector( String nameWithOptionalAlias ) {
         String[] parts = nameWithOptionalAlias.split("\\sAS\\s");
         if (parts.length == 2) {
             return new NamedSelector(selector(parts[0]), selector(parts[1]));
         }
         return new NamedSelector(selector(parts[0]));
     }
 
     /**
      * Create a {@link Column} given the supplied expression. The expression has the form "<code>[tableName.]columnName</code>",
      * where "<code>tableName</code>" must be a valid table name or alias. If the table name/alias is not specified, then there is
      * expected to be a single FROM clause with a single named selector.
      * 
      * @param nameExpression the expression specifying the columm name and (optionally) the table's name or alias; may not be null
      * @return the column; never null
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table's name/alias is not specified, but the query has more than one named source
      */
     protected Column column( String nameExpression ) {
         String[] parts = nameExpression.split("(?<!\\\\)\\."); // a . not preceded by an escaping slash
         for (int i = 0; i != parts.length; ++i) {
             parts[i] = parts[i].trim();
         }
         SelectorName name = null;
         String propertyName = null;
         String columnName = null;
         if (parts.length == 2) {
             name = selector(parts[0]);
             propertyName = parts[1];
             columnName = parts[1];
         } else {
             if (source instanceof Selector) {
                 Selector selector = (Selector)source;
                 name = selector.hasAlias() ? selector.getAlias() : selector.getName();
                 propertyName = parts[0];
                 columnName = parts[0];
             } else {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(GraphI18n.columnMustBeScoped.text(parts[0]));
             }
         }
         return new Column(name, propertyName, columnName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Select all of the single-valued columns.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder selectStar() {
         columns.clear();
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Add to the select clause the columns with the supplied names. Each column name has the form "
      * <code>[tableName.]columnName</code>", where " <code>tableName</code>" must be a valid table name or alias. If the table
      * name/alias is not specified, then there is expected to be a single FROM clause with a single named selector.
      * 
      * @param columnNames the column expressions; may not be null
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table's name/alias is not specified, but the query has more than one named source
      */
     public QueryBuilder select( String... columnNames ) {
         for (String expression : columnNames) {
             columns.add(column(expression));
         }
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Select all of the distinct values from the single-valued columns.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder selectDistinctStar() {
         distinct = true;
         return selectStar();
     }
 
     /**
      * Select the distinct values from the columns with the supplied names. Each column name has the form "
      * <code>[tableName.]columnName</code>", where " <code>tableName</code>" must be a valid table name or alias. If the table
      * name/alias is not specified, then there is expected to be a single FROM clause with a single named selector.
      * 
      * @param columnNames the column expressions; may not be null
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table's name/alias is not specified, but the query has more than one named source
      */
     public QueryBuilder selectDistinct( String... columnNames ) {
         distinct = true;
         return select(columnNames);
     }
 
     /**
      * Specify that the query should select from the "__ALLNODES__" built-in table.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder fromAllNodes() {
         this.source = new AllNodes();
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Specify that the query should select from the "__ALLNODES__" built-in table using the supplied alias.
      * 
      * @param alias the alias for the "__ALL_NODES" table; may not be null
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder fromAllNodesAs( String alias ) {
         AllNodes allNodes = new AllNodes(selector(alias));
         SelectorName oldName = this.source instanceof Selector ? ((Selector)source).getName() : null;
         // Go through the columns and change the selector name to use the new alias ...
         for (int i = 0; i != columns.size(); ++i) {
             Column old = columns.get(i);
             if (old.getSelectorName().equals(oldName)) {
                 columns.set(i, new Column(allNodes.getAliasOrName(), old.getPropertyName(), old.getColumnName()));
             }
         }
         this.source = allNodes;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Specify the name of the table from which tuples should be selected. The supplied string is of the form "
      * <code>tableName [AS alias]</code>".
      * 
      * @param tableNameWithOptionalAlias the name of the table, optionally including the alias
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder from( String tableNameWithOptionalAlias ) {
         Selector selector = namedSelector(tableNameWithOptionalAlias);
         SelectorName oldName = this.source instanceof Selector ? ((Selector)source).getName() : null;
         // Go through the columns and change the selector name to use the new alias ...
         for (int i = 0; i != columns.size(); ++i) {
             Column old = columns.get(i);
             if (old.getSelectorName().equals(oldName)) {
                 columns.set(i, new Column(selector.getAliasOrName(), old.getPropertyName(), old.getColumnName()));
             }
         }
         this.source = selector;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Begin the WHERE clause for this query by obtaining the constraint builder. When completed, be sure to call
      * {@link ConstraintBuilder#end() end()} on the resulting constraint builder, or else the constraint will not be applied to
      * the current query.
      * 
      * @return the constraint builder that can be used to specify the criteria; never null
      */
     public ConstraintBuilder where() {
         return new ConstraintBuilder(null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform an inner join between the already defined source with the supplied table. The supplied string is of the form "
      * <code>tableName [AS alias]</code>".
      * 
      * @param tableName the name of the table, optionally including the alias
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause join( String tableName ) {
         return innerJoin(tableName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform an inner join between the already defined source with the supplied table. The supplied string is of the form "
      * <code>tableName [AS alias]</code>".
      * 
      * @param tableName the name of the table, optionally including the alias
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause innerJoin( String tableName ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(tableName), JoinType.INNER);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a cross join between the already defined source with the supplied table. The supplied string is of the form "
      * <code>tableName [AS alias]</code>". Cross joins have a higher precedent than other join types, so if this is called after
      * another join was defined, the resulting cross join will be between the previous join's right-hand side and the supplied
      * table.
      * 
      * @param tableName the name of the table, optionally including the alias
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause crossJoin( String tableName ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(tableName), JoinType.CROSS);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a full outer join between the already defined source with the supplied table. The supplied string is of the form "
      * <code>tableName [AS alias]</code>".
      * 
      * @param tableName the name of the table, optionally including the alias
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause fullOuterJoin( String tableName ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(tableName), JoinType.FULL_OUTER);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a left outer join between the already defined source with the supplied table. The supplied string is of the form "
      * <code>tableName [AS alias]</code>".
      * 
      * @param tableName the name of the table, optionally including the alias
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause leftOuterJoin( String tableName ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(tableName), JoinType.LEFT_OUTER);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a right outer join between the already defined source with the supplied table. The supplied string is of the form "
      * <code>tableName [AS alias]</code>".
      * 
      * @param tableName the name of the table, optionally including the alias
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause rightOuterJoin( String tableName ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(tableName), JoinType.RIGHT_OUTER);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform an inner join between the already defined source with the "__ALLNODES__" table using the supplied alias.
      * 
      * @param alias the alias for the "__ALL_NODES" table; may not be null
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause joinAllNodesAs( String alias ) {
         return innerJoinAllNodesAs(alias);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform an inner join between the already defined source with the "__ALL_NODES" table using the supplied alias.
      * 
      * @param alias the alias for the "__ALL_NODES" table; may not be null
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause innerJoinAllNodesAs( String alias ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(AllNodes.ALL_NODES_NAME + " AS " + alias), JoinType.INNER);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a cross join between the already defined source with the "__ALL_NODES" table using the supplied alias. Cross joins
      * have a higher precedent than other join types, so if this is called after another join was defined, the resulting cross
      * join will be between the previous join's right-hand side and the supplied table.
      * 
      * @param alias the alias for the "__ALL_NODES" table; may not be null
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause crossJoinAllNodesAs( String alias ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(AllNodes.ALL_NODES_NAME + " AS " + alias), JoinType.CROSS);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a full outer join between the already defined source with the "__ALL_NODES" table using the supplied alias.
      * 
      * @param alias the alias for the "__ALL_NODES" table; may not be null
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause fullOuterJoinAllNodesAs( String alias ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(AllNodes.ALL_NODES_NAME + " AS " + alias), JoinType.FULL_OUTER);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a left outer join between the already defined source with the "__ALL_NODES" table using the supplied alias.
      * 
      * @param alias the alias for the "__ALL_NODES" table; may not be null
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause leftOuterJoinAllNodesAs( String alias ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(AllNodes.ALL_NODES_NAME + " AS " + alias), JoinType.LEFT_OUTER);
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a right outer join between the already defined source with the "__ALL_NODES" table using the supplied alias.
      * 
      * @param alias the alias for the "__ALL_NODES" table; may not be null
      * @return the component that must be used to complete the join specification; never null
      */
     public JoinClause rightOuterJoinAllNodesAs( String alias ) {
         // Expect there to be a source already ...
         return new JoinClause(namedSelector(AllNodes.ALL_NODES_NAME + " AS " + alias), JoinType.RIGHT_OUTER);
     }
 
     /**
      * Specify the maximum number of rows that are to be returned in the results. By default there is no limit.
      * 
      * @param rowLimit the maximum number of rows
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the row limit is not a positive integer
      */
     public QueryBuilder limit( int rowLimit ) {
         this.limit.withRowLimit(rowLimit);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Specify the number of rows that results are to skip. The default offset is '0'.
      * 
      * @param offset the number of rows before the results are to begin
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the row limit is a negative integer
      */
     public QueryBuilder offset( int offset ) {
         this.limit.withOffset(offset);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a UNION between the query as defined prior to this method and the query that will be defined following this method.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder union() {
         this.firstQuery = query();
         this.firstQuerySetOperation = Operation.UNION;
         this.firstQueryAll = false;
         clear(false);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform a UNION ALL between the query as defined prior to this method and the query that will be defined following this
      * method.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder unionAll() {
         this.firstQuery = query();
         this.firstQuerySetOperation = Operation.UNION;
         this.firstQueryAll = true;
         clear(false);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform an INTERSECT between the query as defined prior to this method and the query that will be defined following this
      * method.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder intersect() {
         this.firstQuery = query();
         this.firstQuerySetOperation = Operation.INTERSECT;
         this.firstQueryAll = false;
         clear(false);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform an INTERSECT ALL between the query as defined prior to this method and the query that will be defined following
      * this method.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder intersectAll() {
         this.firstQuery = query();
         this.firstQuerySetOperation = Operation.INTERSECT;
         this.firstQueryAll = true;
         clear(false);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform an EXCEPT between the query as defined prior to this method and the query that will be defined following this
      * method.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder except() {
         this.firstQuery = query();
         this.firstQuerySetOperation = Operation.EXCEPT;
         this.firstQueryAll = false;
         clear(false);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Perform an EXCEPT ALL between the query as defined prior to this method and the query that will be defined following this
      * method.
      * 
      * @return this builder object, for convenience in method chaining
      */
     public QueryBuilder exceptAll() {
         this.firstQuery = query();
         this.firstQuerySetOperation = Operation.EXCEPT;
         this.firstQueryAll = true;
         clear(false);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Obtain a builder that will create the order-by clause (with one or more {@link Ordering} statements) for the query. This
      * method need be called only once to build the order-by clause, but can be called multiple times (it merely adds additional
      * {@link Ordering} statements).
      * 
      * @return the order-by builder; never null
      */
     public OrderByBuilder orderBy() {
         return new OrderByBuilder();
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a {@link QueryCommand} representing the currently-built query.
      * 
      * @return the resulting query command; never null
      * @see #clear()
      */
     public QueryCommand query() {
         QueryCommand result = new Query(source, constraint, orderings, columns, limit, distinct);
         if (this.firstQuery != null) {
             // EXCEPT has a higher precedence than INTERSECT or UNION, so if the first query is
             // an INTERSECT or UNION SetQuery, the result should be applied to the RHS of the previous set ...
             if (firstQuery instanceof SetQuery && firstQuerySetOperation == Operation.EXCEPT) {
                 SetQuery setQuery = (SetQuery)firstQuery;
                 QueryCommand left = setQuery.getLeft();
                 QueryCommand right = setQuery.getRight();
                 SetQuery exceptQuery = new SetQuery(right, Operation.EXCEPT, result, firstQueryAll);
                 result = new SetQuery(left, setQuery.getOperation(), exceptQuery, setQuery.isAll());
             } else {
                 result = new SetQuery(this.firstQuery, this.firstQuerySetOperation, result, this.firstQueryAll);
             }
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     public interface OrderByOperandBuilder {
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the length of the value for the given table and property.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the property; may not be null and must refer to a valid property name
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder length( String table,
                                       String property );
 
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the value for the given table and property.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the property; may not be null and must refer to a valid property name
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder propertyValue( String table,
                                              String property );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a matching value for any of the node's
          * reference properties.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder referenceValue( String table );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a matching value for the named property.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the reference property; may be null if the constraint applies to all/any reference
          *        properties on the node
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder referenceValue( String table,
                                               String property );
 
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the full-text search score for the given table.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder fullTextSearchScore( String table );
 
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the depth of the node given by the named table.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder depth( String table );
 
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the path of the node given by the named table.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder path( String table );
 
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the local name of the node given by the named table.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder nodeLocalName( String table );
 
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the node name (including namespace) of the node given by the named table.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder nodeName( String table );
 
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the uppercase form of the next operand.
          * 
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByOperandBuilder upperCaseOf();
 
         /**
          * Adds to the order-by clause by using the lowercase form of the next operand.
          * 
          * @return the interface for completing the order-by specification; never null
          */
         public OrderByOperandBuilder lowerCaseOf();
     }
 
     /**
      * The component used to build the order-by clause. When the clause is completed, {@link #end()} should be called to return to
      * the {@link QueryBuilder} instance.
      */
     public class OrderByBuilder {
 
         protected OrderByBuilder() {
         }
 
         /**
          * Begin specifying an order-by specification using {@link Order#ASCENDING ascending order}.
          * 
          * @return the interface for specifying the operand that is to be ordered; never null
          */
         public OrderByOperandBuilder ascending() {
             return new SingleOrderByOperandBuilder(this, Order.ASCENDING);
         }
 
         /**
          * Begin specifying an order-by specification using {@link Order#DESCENDING descending order}.
          * 
          * @return the interface for specifying the operand that is to be ordered; never null
          */
         public OrderByOperandBuilder descending() {
             return new SingleOrderByOperandBuilder(this, Order.DESCENDING);
         }
 
         /**
          * An optional convenience method that returns this builder, but which makes the code using this builder more readable.
          * 
          * @return this builder; never null
          */
         public OrderByBuilder then() {
             return this;
         }
 
         /**
          * Complete the order-by clause and return the QueryBuilder instance.
          * 
          * @return the query builder instance; never null
          */
         public QueryBuilder end() {
             return QueryBuilder.this;
         }
     }
 
     protected class SingleOrderByOperandBuilder implements OrderByOperandBuilder {
         private final Order order;
         private final OrderByBuilder builder;
 
         protected SingleOrderByOperandBuilder( OrderByBuilder builder,
                                                Order order ) {
             this.order = order;
             this.builder = builder;
         }
 
         protected OrderByBuilder addOrdering( DynamicOperand operand ) {
             Ordering ordering = new Ordering(operand, order);
             QueryBuilder.this.orderings.add(ordering);
             return builder;
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#propertyValue(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder propertyValue( String table,
                                              String property ) {
             return addOrdering(new PropertyValue(selector(table), property));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#referenceValue(java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder referenceValue( String table ) {
             return addOrdering(new ReferenceValue(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#referenceValue(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder referenceValue( String table,
                                               String property ) {
             return addOrdering(new ReferenceValue(selector(table), property));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#length(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder length( String table,
                                       String property ) {
             return addOrdering(new Length(new PropertyValue(selector(table), property)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#fullTextSearchScore(java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder fullTextSearchScore( String table ) {
             return addOrdering(new FullTextSearchScore(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#depth(java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder depth( String table ) {
             return addOrdering(new NodeDepth(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#path(java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder path( String table ) {
             return addOrdering(new NodePath(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#nodeName(java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder nodeName( String table ) {
             return addOrdering(new NodeName(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#nodeLocalName(java.lang.String)
          */
         public OrderByBuilder nodeLocalName( String table ) {
             return addOrdering(new NodeLocalName(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#lowerCaseOf()
          */
         public OrderByOperandBuilder lowerCaseOf() {
             return new SingleOrderByOperandBuilder(builder, order) {
                 /**
                  * {@inheritDoc}
                  * 
                  * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.SingleOrderByOperandBuilder#addOrdering(org.modeshape.graph.query.model.DynamicOperand)
                  */
                 @Override
                 protected OrderByBuilder addOrdering( DynamicOperand operand ) {
                     return super.addOrdering(new LowerCase(operand));
                 }
             };
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.OrderByOperandBuilder#upperCaseOf()
          */
         public OrderByOperandBuilder upperCaseOf() {
             return new SingleOrderByOperandBuilder(builder, order) {
                 /**
                  * {@inheritDoc}
                  * 
                  * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.SingleOrderByOperandBuilder#addOrdering(org.modeshape.graph.query.model.DynamicOperand)
                  */
                 @Override
                 protected OrderByBuilder addOrdering( DynamicOperand operand ) {
                     return super.addOrdering(new UpperCase(operand));
                 }
             };
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Class used to specify a join clause of a query.
      * 
      * @see QueryBuilder#join(String)
      * @see QueryBuilder#innerJoin(String)
      * @see QueryBuilder#leftOuterJoin(String)
      * @see QueryBuilder#rightOuterJoin(String)
      * @see QueryBuilder#fullOuterJoin(String)
      */
     public class JoinClause {
         private final NamedSelector rightSource;
         private final JoinType type;
 
         protected JoinClause( NamedSelector rightTable,
                               JoinType type ) {
             this.rightSource = rightTable;
             this.type = type;
         }
 
         /**
          * Walk the current source or the 'rightSource' to find the named selector with the supplied name or alias
          * 
          * @param tableName the table name
          * @return the selector name matching the supplied table name; never null
          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table name could not be resolved
          */
         protected SelectorName nameOf( String tableName ) {
             final SelectorName name = new SelectorName(tableName);
             // Look at the right source ...
             if (rightSource.getAliasOrName().equals(name)) return name;
             // Look through the left source ...
             final AtomicBoolean notFound = new AtomicBoolean(true);
             Visitors.visitAll(source, new Visitors.AbstractVisitor() {
                 @Override
                 public void visit( AllNodes selector ) {
                     if (notFound.get() && selector.getAliasOrName().equals(name)) notFound.set(false);
                 }
 
                 @Override
                 public void visit( NamedSelector selector ) {
                     if (notFound.get() && selector.getAliasOrName().equals(name)) notFound.set(false);
                 }
             });
             if (notFound.get()) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected \"" + tableName + "\" to be a valid table name or alias");
             }
             return name;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the join as using an equi-join criteria by specifying the expression equating two columns. Each column reference
          * must be qualified with the appropriate table name or alias.
          * 
          * @param columnEqualExpression the equality expression between the two tables; may not be null
          * @return the query builder instance, for method chaining purposes
          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the supplied expression is not an equality expression
          */
         public QueryBuilder on( String columnEqualExpression ) {
             String[] parts = columnEqualExpression.split("=");
             if (parts.length != 2) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected equality expression for columns, but found \""
                                                    + columnEqualExpression + "\"");
             }
             return createJoin(new EquiJoinCondition(column(parts[0]), column(parts[1])));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the join criteria to require the two tables represent the same node. The supplied tables must be a valid name or
          * alias.
          * 
          * @param table1 the name or alias of the first table
          * @param table2 the name or alias of the second table
          * @return the query builder instance, for method chaining purposes
          */
         public QueryBuilder onSameNode( String table1,
                                         String table2 ) {
             return createJoin(new SameNodeJoinCondition(nameOf(table1), nameOf(table2)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the join criteria to require the node in one table is a descendant of the node in another table. The supplied
          * tables must be a valid name or alias.
          * 
          * @param ancestorTable the name or alias of the table containing the ancestor node
          * @param descendantTable the name or alias of the table containing the descendant node
          * @return the query builder instance, for method chaining purposes
          */
         public QueryBuilder onDescendant( String ancestorTable,
                                           String descendantTable ) {
             return createJoin(new DescendantNodeJoinCondition(nameOf(ancestorTable), nameOf(descendantTable)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the join criteria to require the node in one table is a child of the node in another table. The supplied tables
          * must be a valid name or alias.
          * 
          * @param parentTable the name or alias of the table containing the parent node
          * @param childTable the name or alias of the table containing the child node
          * @return the query builder instance, for method chaining purposes
          */
         public QueryBuilder onChildNode( String parentTable,
                                          String childTable ) {
             return createJoin(new ChildNodeJoinCondition(nameOf(parentTable), nameOf(childTable)));
         }
 
         protected QueryBuilder createJoin( JoinCondition condition ) {
             // CROSS joins have a higher precedence, so we may need to adjust the existing left side in this case...
             if (type == JoinType.CROSS && source instanceof Join && ((Join)source).getType() != JoinType.CROSS) {
                 // A CROSS join follows a non-CROSS join, so the CROSS join becomes precendent ...
                 Join left = (Join)source;
                 Join cross = new Join(left.getRight(), type, rightSource, condition);
                 source = new Join(left.getLeft(), left.getType(), cross, left.getJoinCondition());
             } else {
                 // Otherwise, just create using usual precedence ...
                 source = new Join(source, type, rightSource, condition);
             }
             return QueryBuilder.this;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Interface that defines a dynamic operand portion of a criteria.
      */
     public interface DynamicOperandBuilder {
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a property value whose length matches the
          * criteria.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the property; may not be null and must refer to a valid property name
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder length( String table,
                                          String property );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a matching value for the named property.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the property; may not be null and must refer to a valid property name
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder propertyValue( String table,
                                                 String property );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a matching value for any of the node's
          * reference properties.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder referenceValue( String table );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a matching value for the named property.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the reference property; may be null if the constraint applies to all/any reference
          *        properties on the node
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder referenceValue( String table,
                                                  String property );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must satisfy the supplied full-text search on the nodes'
          * property values.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder fullTextSearchScore( String table );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table based upon criteria on the node's depth.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder depth( String table );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table based upon criteria on the node's path.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder path( String table );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table based upon criteria on the node's local name.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder nodeLocalName( String table );
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table based upon criteria on the node's name.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder nodeName( String table );
 
         /**
          * Begin a constraint against the uppercase form of a dynamic operand.
          * 
          * @return the interface for completing the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public DynamicOperandBuilder upperCaseOf();
 
         /**
          * Begin a constraint against the lowercase form of a dynamic operand.
          * 
          * @return the interface for completing the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public DynamicOperandBuilder lowerCaseOf();
     }
 
     public class ConstraintBuilder implements DynamicOperandBuilder {
         private final ConstraintBuilder parent;
         /** Used for the current operations */
         private Constraint constraint;
         /** Set when a logical criteria is started */
         private Constraint left;
         private boolean and;
         private boolean negateConstraint;
 
         protected ConstraintBuilder( ConstraintBuilder parent ) {
             this.parent = parent;
         }
 
         /**
          * Complete this constraint specification.
          * 
          * @return the query builder, for method chaining purposes
          */
         public QueryBuilder end() {
             buildLogicalConstraint();
             QueryBuilder.this.constraint = constraint;
             return QueryBuilder.this;
         }
 
         /**
          * Simulate the use of an open parenthesis in the constraint. The resulting builder should be used to define the
          * constraint within the parenthesis, and should always be terminated with a {@link #closeParen()}.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder that should be used to define the portion of the constraint within the parenthesis;
          *         never null
          * @see #closeParen()
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder openParen() {
             return new ConstraintBuilder(this);
         }
 
         /**
          * Complete the specification of a constraint clause, and return the builder for the parent constraint clause.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder that was used to create this parenthetical constraint clause builder; never null
          * @throws IllegalStateException if there was not an {@link #openParen() open parenthesis} to close
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder closeParen() {
             if (parent == null) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(GraphI18n.unexpectedClosingParenthesis.text());
             }
             buildLogicalConstraint();
             return parent.setConstraint(constraint);
         }
 
         /**
          * Signal that the previous constraint clause be AND-ed together with another constraint clause that will be defined
          * immediately after this method call.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder for the remaining constraint clause; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder and() {
             buildLogicalConstraint();
             left = constraint;
             constraint = null;
             and = true;
             return this;
         }
 
         /**
          * Signal that the previous constraint clause be OR-ed together with another constraint clause that will be defined
          * immediately after this method call.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder for the remaining constraint clause; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder or() {
             buildLogicalConstraint();
             left = constraint;
             constraint = null;
             and = false;
             return this;
         }
 
         /**
          * Signal that the next constraint clause (defined immediately after this method) should be negated.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder for the constraint clause that is to be negated; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder not() {
             negateConstraint = true;
             return this;
         }
 
         protected ConstraintBuilder buildLogicalConstraint() {
             if (negateConstraint && constraint != null) {
                 constraint = new Not(constraint);
                 negateConstraint = false;
             }
             if (left != null && constraint != null) {
                 if (and) {
                     // If the left constraint is an OR, we need to rearrange things since AND is higher precedence ...
                     if (left instanceof Or) {
                         Or previous = (Or)left;
                         constraint = new Or(previous.getLeft(), new And(previous.getRight(), constraint));
                     } else {
                         constraint = new And(left, constraint);
                     }
                 } else {
                     constraint = new Or(left, constraint);
                 }
                 left = null;
             }
             return this;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define a constraint clause that the node within the named table is the same node as that appearing at the supplied
          * path.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param asNodeAtPath the path to the node
          * @return the constraint builder that was used to create this clause; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isSameNode( String table,
                                              String asNodeAtPath ) {
             return setConstraint(new SameNode(selector(table), asNodeAtPath));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define a constraint clause that the node within the named table is the child of the node at the supplied path.
          * 
          * @param childTable the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing
          *        in the FROM clause
          * @param parentPath the path to the parent node
          * @return the constraint builder that was used to create this clause; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isChild( String childTable,
                                           String parentPath ) {
             return setConstraint(new ChildNode(selector(childTable), parentPath));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define a constraint clause that the node within the named table is a descendant of the node at the supplied path.
          * 
          * @param descendantTable the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table
          *        appearing in the FROM clause
          * @param ancestorPath the path to the ancestor node
          * @return the constraint builder that was used to create this clause; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isBelowPath( String descendantTable,
                                               String ancestorPath ) {
             return setConstraint(new DescendantNode(selector(descendantTable), ancestorPath));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define a constraint clause that the node within the named table has at least one value for the named property.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param propertyName the name of the property
          * @return the constraint builder that was used to create this clause; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder hasProperty( String table,
                                               String propertyName ) {
             return setConstraint(new PropertyExistence(selector(table), propertyName));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define a constraint clause that the node within the named table have at least one property that satisfies the full-text
          * search expression.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param searchExpression the full-text search expression
          * @return the constraint builder that was used to create this clause; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder search( String table,
                                          String searchExpression ) {
             return setConstraint(new FullTextSearch(selector(table), searchExpression));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define a constraint clause that the node within the named table have a value for the named property that satisfies the
          * full-text search expression.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param propertyName the name of the property to be searched
          * @param searchExpression the full-text search expression
          * @return the constraint builder that was used to create this clause; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder search( String table,
                                          String propertyName,
                                          String searchExpression ) {
             return setConstraint(new FullTextSearch(selector(table), propertyName, searchExpression));
         }
 
         protected ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder( DynamicOperand operand ) {
             return new ComparisonBuilder(this, operand);
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#length(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder length( String table,
                                          String property ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new Length(new PropertyValue(selector(table), property)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#propertyValue(String, String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder propertyValue( String table,
                                                 String property ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new PropertyValue(selector(table), property));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#referenceValue(java.lang.String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder referenceValue( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new ReferenceValue(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#referenceValue(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder referenceValue( String table,
                                                  String property ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new ReferenceValue(selector(table), property));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#fullTextSearchScore(String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder fullTextSearchScore( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new FullTextSearchScore(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#depth(java.lang.String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder depth( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new NodeDepth(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#path(java.lang.String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder path( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new NodePath(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#nodeLocalName(String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder nodeLocalName( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new NodeLocalName(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#nodeName(String)
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder nodeName( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new NodeName(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#upperCaseOf()
          */
         public DynamicOperandBuilder upperCaseOf() {
             return new UpperCaser(this);
         }
 
         /**
          * {@inheritDoc}
          * 
          * @see org.modeshape.graph.query.QueryBuilder.DynamicOperandBuilder#lowerCaseOf()
          */
         public DynamicOperandBuilder lowerCaseOf() {
             return new LowerCaser(this);
         }
 
         protected ConstraintBuilder setConstraint( Constraint constraint ) {
             if (this.constraint != null && this.left == null) {
                 and();
             }
             this.constraint = constraint;
             return buildLogicalConstraint();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * A specialized form of the {@link ConstraintBuilder} that always wraps the generated constraint in a {@link UpperCase}
      * instance.
      */
     protected class UpperCaser extends ConstraintBuilder {
         private final ConstraintBuilder delegate;
 
         protected UpperCaser( ConstraintBuilder delegate ) {
             super(null);
             this.delegate = delegate;
         }
 
         @Override
         protected ConstraintBuilder setConstraint( Constraint constraint ) {
             Comparison comparison = (Comparison)constraint;
             return delegate.setConstraint(new Comparison(new UpperCase(comparison.getOperand1()), comparison.getOperator(),
                                                          comparison.getOperand2()));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * A specialized form of the {@link ConstraintBuilder} that always wraps the generated constraint in a {@link LowerCase}
      * instance.
      */
     protected class LowerCaser extends ConstraintBuilder {
         private final ConstraintBuilder delegate;
 
         protected LowerCaser( ConstraintBuilder delegate ) {
             super(null);
             this.delegate = delegate;
         }
 
         @Override
         protected ConstraintBuilder setConstraint( Constraint constraint ) {
             Comparison comparison = (Comparison)constraint;
             return delegate.setConstraint(new Comparison(new LowerCase(comparison.getOperand1()), comparison.getOperator(),
                                                          comparison.getOperand2()));
         }
     }
 
     public abstract class CastAs<ReturnType> {
         protected final Object value;
 
         protected CastAs( Object value ) {
             this.value = value;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as the specified type.
          * 
          * @param type the property type; may not be null
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public abstract ReturnType as( String type );
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as a {@link PropertyType#STRING}.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ReturnType asString() {
             return as(typeSystem.getStringFactory().getTypeName());
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as a {@link PropertyType#BOOLEAN}.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ReturnType asBoolean() {
             return as(typeSystem.getBooleanFactory().getTypeName());
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as a {@link PropertyType#LONG}.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ReturnType asLong() {
             return as(typeSystem.getLongFactory().getTypeName());
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as a {@link PropertyType#DOUBLE}.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ReturnType asDouble() {
             return as(typeSystem.getDoubleFactory().getTypeName());
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as a {@link PropertyType#DATE}.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ReturnType asDate() {
             return as(typeSystem.getDateTimeFactory().getTypeName());
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as a {@link PropertyType#PATH}.
          * 
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ReturnType asPath() {
             return as(typeSystem.getPathFactory().getTypeName());
         }
     }
 
     public class CastAsRightHandSide extends CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> {
         private final RightHandSide rhs;
 
         protected CastAsRightHandSide( RightHandSide rhs,
                                        Object value ) {
             super(value);
             this.rhs = rhs;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as the specified type.
          * 
          * @param type the property type; may not be null
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         @Override
         public ConstraintBuilder as( String type ) {
             return rhs.comparisonBuilder.is(rhs.operator, typeSystem.getTypeFactory(type).create(value));
         }
     }
 
     public class CastAsUpperBoundary extends CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> {
         private final UpperBoundary upperBoundary;
 
         protected CastAsUpperBoundary( UpperBoundary upperBoundary,
                                        Object value ) {
             super(value);
             this.upperBoundary = upperBoundary;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side literal value cast as the specified type.
          * 
          * @param type the property type; may not be null
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         @Override
         public ConstraintBuilder as( String type ) {
             return upperBoundary.comparisonBuilder.isBetween(upperBoundary.lowerBound, typeSystem.getTypeFactory(type)
                                                                                                  .create(value));
         }
     }
 
     public class CastAsLowerBoundary extends CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> {
         private final ComparisonBuilder builder;
 
         protected CastAsLowerBoundary( ComparisonBuilder builder,
                                        Object value ) {
             super(value);
             this.builder = builder;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the left-hand side literal value cast as the specified type.
          * 
          * @param type the property type; may not be null
          * @return the builder to complete the constraint; never null
          */
         @Override
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> as( String type ) {
             Object literal = typeSystem.getTypeFactory(type).create(value);
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(builder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
     }
 
     public class RightHandSide {
         protected final Operator operator;
         protected final ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder;
 
         protected RightHandSide( ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder,
                                  Operator operator ) {
             this.operator = operator;
             this.comparisonBuilder = comparisonBuilder;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( String literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( int literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( long literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( float literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( double literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( DateTime literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal.toUtcTimeZone());
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( Path literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( Name literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( URI literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( UUID literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( Binary literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( BigDecimal literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( boolean literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder variable( String variableName ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.is(operator, variableName);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( int literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( String literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( boolean literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( long literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( double literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( BigDecimal literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( DateTime literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal.toUtcTimeZone());
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( Name literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( Path literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( UUID literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand side of a comparison.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( URI literal ) {
             return new CastAsRightHandSide(this, literal);
         }
     }
 
     public class UpperBoundary {
         protected final StaticOperand lowerBound;
         protected final ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder;
 
         protected UpperBoundary( ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder,
                                  StaticOperand lowerBound ) {
             this.lowerBound = lowerBound;
             this.comparisonBuilder = comparisonBuilder;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( String literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( int literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( long literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( float literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( double literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( DateTime literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( Path literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( Name literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( URI literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( UUID literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( Binary literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( BigDecimal literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder literal( boolean literal ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.isBetween(lowerBound, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder variable( String variableName ) {
             return comparisonBuilder.constraintBuilder.setConstraint(new Between(comparisonBuilder.left, lowerBound,
                                                                                  new BindVariableName(variableName)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( int literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( String literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( boolean literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( long literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( double literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( BigDecimal literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( DateTime literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal.toUtcTimeZone());
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( Name literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( Path literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( UUID literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the upper boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<ConstraintBuilder> cast( URI literal ) {
             return new CastAsUpperBoundary(this, literal);
         }
     }
 
     public class LowerBoundary {
         protected final ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder;
 
         protected LowerBoundary( ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder ) {
             this.comparisonBuilder = comparisonBuilder;
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( String literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( int literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( long literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( float literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( double literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( DateTime literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( Path literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( Name literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( URI literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( UUID literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( Binary literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( BigDecimal literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value;
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> literal( boolean literal ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new Literal(literal)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public AndBuilder<UpperBoundary> variable( String variableName ) {
             return new AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>(new UpperBoundary(comparisonBuilder, new BindVariableName(variableName)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( int literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( String literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( boolean literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( long literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( double literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( BigDecimal literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( DateTime literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( Name literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( Path literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( UUID literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the lower boundary value of a range.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value that is to be cast
          * @return the constraint builder; never null
          */
         public CastAs<AndBuilder<UpperBoundary>> cast( URI literal ) {
             return new CastAsLowerBoundary(comparisonBuilder, literal);
         }
     }
 
     public class ArithmeticBuilder {
         protected final ArithmeticBuilder parent;
         protected final ArithmeticOperator operator;
         protected DynamicOperand left;
         protected final ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder;
 
         protected ArithmeticBuilder( ArithmeticOperator operator,
                                      ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder,
                                      DynamicOperand left,
                                      ArithmeticBuilder parent ) {
             this.operator = operator;
             this.left = left;
             this.comparisonBuilder = comparisonBuilder;
             this.parent = parent; // may be null
         }
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a property value whose length matches the
          * criteria.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the property; may not be null and must refer to a valid property name
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder length( String table,
                                          String property ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new Length(new PropertyValue(selector(table), property)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a matching value for the named property.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the property; may not be null and must refer to a valid property name
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder propertyValue( String table,
                                                 String property ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new PropertyValue(selector(table), property));
         }
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a matching value for any of the node's
          * reference properties.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder referenceValue( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new ReferenceValue(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must have a matching value for the named property.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @param property the name of the reference property; may be null if the constraint applies to all/any reference
          *        properties on the node
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder referenceValue( String table,
                                                  String property ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new ReferenceValue(selector(table), property));
         }
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table such that they must satisfy the supplied full-text search on the nodes'
          * property values.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder fullTextSearchScore( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new FullTextSearchScore(selector(table)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Constrains the nodes in the the supplied table based upon criteria on the node's depth.
          * 
          * @param table the name of the table; may not be null and must refer to a valid name or alias of a table appearing in the
          *        FROM clause
          * @return the interface for completing the value portion of the criteria specification; never null
          */
         public ComparisonBuilder depth( String table ) {
             return comparisonBuilder(new NodeDepth(selector(table)));
         }
 
         // /**
         // * Simulate the use of an open parenthesis in the constraint. The resulting builder should be used to define the
         // * constraint within the parenthesis, and should always be terminated with a {@link #closeParen()}.
         // *
         // * @return the constraint builder that should be used to define the portion of the constraint within the parenthesis;
         // * never null
         // * @see #closeParen()
         // */
         // public ArithmeticBuilder openParen() {
         // return new ArithmeticBuilder(operator, comparisonBuilder, left, this);
         // }
         //
         // /**
         // * Complete the specification of a constraint clause, and return the builder for the parent constraint clause.
         // *
         // * @return the constraint builder that was used to create this parenthetical constraint clause builder; never null
         // * @throws IllegalStateException if there was not an {@link #openParen() open parenthesis} to close
         // */
         // public ComparisonBuilder closeParen() {
         // if (parent == null) {
         // throw new IllegalStateException(GraphI18n.unexpectedClosingParenthesis.text());
         // }
         // buildLogicalConstraint();
         // return parent.setLeft(left).comparisonBuilder;
         // }
         // protected ArithmeticBuilder setLeft( DynamicOperand left ) {
         // this.left = left;
         // return this;
         // }
 
         protected ComparisonBuilder comparisonBuilder( DynamicOperand right ) {
             DynamicOperand leftOperand = null;
             // If the left operand is an arithmetic operand, then we need to check the operator precedence ...
             if (left instanceof ArithmeticOperand) {
                 ArithmeticOperand leftArith = (ArithmeticOperand)left;
                 ArithmeticOperator operator = leftArith.getOperator();
                 if (this.operator.precedes(operator)) {
                     // Need to do create an operand with leftArith.right and right
                     DynamicOperand inner = new ArithmeticOperand(leftArith.getRight(), this.operator, right);
                     leftOperand = new ArithmeticOperand(leftArith.getLeft(), operator, inner);
                 } else {
                     // the left preceds this, so we can add the new operand on top ...
                     leftOperand = new ArithmeticOperand(leftArith, operator, right);
                 }
             } else {
                 // The left isn't an arith ...
                 leftOperand = new ArithmeticOperand(left, operator, right);
             }
             return new ComparisonBuilder(comparisonBuilder.constraintBuilder, leftOperand);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * An interface used to set the right-hand side of a constraint.
      */
     public class ComparisonBuilder {
         protected final DynamicOperand left;
         protected final ConstraintBuilder constraintBuilder;
 
         protected ComparisonBuilder( ConstraintBuilder constraintBuilder,
                                      DynamicOperand left ) {
             this.left = left;
             this.constraintBuilder = constraintBuilder;
         }
 
         public ConstraintBuilder isIn( Object... literals ) {
             CheckArg.isNotNull(literals, "literals");
             Collection<StaticOperand> right = new ArrayList<StaticOperand>();
             for (Object literal : literals) {
                 right.add(literal instanceof Literal ? (Literal)literal : new Literal(literal));
             }
             return this.constraintBuilder.setConstraint(new SetCriteria(left, right));
         }
 
         public ConstraintBuilder isIn( Iterable<Object> literals ) {
             CheckArg.isNotNull(literals, "literals");
             Collection<StaticOperand> right = new ArrayList<StaticOperand>();
             for (Object literal : literals) {
                 right.add(literal instanceof Literal ? (Literal)literal : new Literal(literal));
             }
             return this.constraintBuilder.setConstraint(new SetCriteria(left, right));
         }
 
         /**
          * Create a comparison object based upon the addition of the previously-constructed {@link DynamicOperand} and the next
          * DynamicOperand to be created with the supplied builder.
          * 
          * @return the builder that should be used to create the right-hand-side of the operation; never null
          */
         public ArithmeticBuilder plus() {
             return new ArithmeticBuilder(ArithmeticOperator.ADD, this, left, null);
         }
 
         /**
          * Create a comparison object based upon the subtraction of the next {@link DynamicOperand} (created using the builder
          * returned from this method) from the the previously-constructed DynamicOperand to be created with the supplied builder.
          * 
          * @return the builder that should be used to create the right-hand-side of the operation; never null
          */
         public ArithmeticBuilder minus() {
             return new ArithmeticBuilder(ArithmeticOperator.SUBTRACT, this, left, null);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the operator that will be used in the comparison, returning an interface that can be used to define the
          * right-hand-side of the comparison.
          * 
          * @param operator the operator; may not be null
          * @return the interface used to define the right-hand-side of the comparison
          */
         public RightHandSide is( Operator operator ) {
             CheckArg.isNotNull(operator, "operator");
             return new RightHandSide(this, operator);
         }
 
         /**
          * Use the 'equal to' operator in the comparison, returning an interface that can be used to define the right-hand-side of
          * the comparison.
          * 
          * @return the interface used to define the right-hand-side of the comparison
          */
         public RightHandSide isEqualTo() {
             return is(Operator.EQUAL_TO);
         }
 
         /**
          * Use the 'equal to' operator in the comparison, returning an interface that can be used to define the right-hand-side of
          * the comparison.
          * 
          * @return the interface used to define the right-hand-side of the comparison
          */
         public RightHandSide isNotEqualTo() {
             return is(Operator.NOT_EQUAL_TO);
         }
 
         /**
          * Use the 'equal to' operator in the comparison, returning an interface that can be used to define the right-hand-side of
          * the comparison.
          * 
          * @return the interface used to define the right-hand-side of the comparison
          */
         public RightHandSide isGreaterThan() {
             return is(Operator.GREATER_THAN);
         }
 
         /**
          * Use the 'equal to' operator in the comparison, returning an interface that can be used to define the right-hand-side of
          * the comparison.
          * 
          * @return the interface used to define the right-hand-side of the comparison
          */
         public RightHandSide isGreaterThanOrEqualTo() {
             return is(Operator.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO);
         }
 
         /**
          * Use the 'equal to' operator in the comparison, returning an interface that can be used to define the right-hand-side of
          * the comparison.
          * 
          * @return the interface used to define the right-hand-side of the comparison
          */
         public RightHandSide isLessThan() {
             return is(Operator.LESS_THAN);
         }
 
         /**
          * Use the 'equal to' operator in the comparison, returning an interface that can be used to define the right-hand-side of
          * the comparison.
          * 
          * @return the interface used to define the right-hand-side of the comparison
          */
         public RightHandSide isLessThanOrEqualTo() {
             return is(Operator.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO);
         }
 
         /**
          * Use the 'equal to' operator in the comparison, returning an interface that can be used to define the right-hand-side of
          * the comparison.
          * 
          * @return the interface used to define the right-hand-side of the comparison
          */
         public RightHandSide isLike() {
             return is(Operator.LIKE);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint using the supplied operator.
          * 
          * @param operator the operator; may not be null
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isVariable( Operator operator,
                                              String variableName ) {
             CheckArg.isNotNull(operator, "operator");
             return this.constraintBuilder.setConstraint(new Comparison(left, operator, new BindVariableName(variableName)));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint using the supplied operator.
          * 
          * @param operator the operator; may not be null
          * @param literal the literal value
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder is( Operator operator,
                                      Object literal ) {
             assert operator != null;
             Literal value = literal instanceof Literal ? (Literal)literal : new Literal(literal);
             return this.constraintBuilder.setConstraint(new Comparison(left, operator, value));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint using the supplied operator.
          * 
          * @param lowerBoundLiteral the literal value that represents the lower bound of the range (inclusive)
          * @param upperBoundLiteral the literal value that represents the upper bound of the range (inclusive)
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isBetween( Object lowerBoundLiteral,
                                             Object upperBoundLiteral ) {
             assert lowerBoundLiteral != null;
             assert upperBoundLiteral != null;
             Literal lower = lowerBoundLiteral instanceof Literal ? (Literal)lowerBoundLiteral : new Literal(lowerBoundLiteral);
             Literal upper = upperBoundLiteral instanceof Literal ? (Literal)upperBoundLiteral : new Literal(upperBoundLiteral);
             return this.constraintBuilder.setConstraint(new Between(left, lower, upper));
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be equivalent to the value of the supplied variable.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isEqualToVariable( String variableName ) {
             return isVariable(Operator.EQUAL_TO, variableName);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be greater than the value of the supplied variable.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isGreaterThanVariable( String variableName ) {
             return isVariable(Operator.GREATER_THAN, variableName);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be greater than or equal to the value of the supplied variable.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isGreaterThanOrEqualToVariable( String variableName ) {
             return isVariable(Operator.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO, variableName);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be less than the value of the supplied variable.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isLessThanVariable( String variableName ) {
             return isVariable(Operator.LESS_THAN, variableName);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be less than or equal to the value of the supplied variable.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isLessThanOrEqualToVariable( String variableName ) {
             return isVariable(Operator.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO, variableName);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be LIKE the value of the supplied variable.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isLikeVariable( String variableName ) {
             return isVariable(Operator.LIKE, variableName);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be not equal to the value of the supplied variable.
          * 
          * @param variableName the name of the variable
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isNotEqualToVariable( String variableName ) {
             return isVariable(Operator.NOT_EQUAL_TO, variableName);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be equivalent to the supplied literal value.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isEqualTo( Object literal ) {
             return is(Operator.EQUAL_TO, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be greater than the supplied literal value.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isGreaterThan( Object literal ) {
             return is(Operator.GREATER_THAN, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be greater than or equal to the supplied literal value.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isGreaterThanOrEqualTo( Object literal ) {
             return is(Operator.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be less than the supplied literal value.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isLessThan( Object literal ) {
             return is(Operator.LESS_THAN, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be less than or equal to the supplied literal value.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isLessThanOrEqualTo( Object literal ) {
             return is(Operator.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be LIKE the supplied literal value.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isLike( Object literal ) {
             return is(Operator.LIKE, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the right-hand-side of the constraint to be not equal to the supplied literal value.
          * 
          * @param literal the literal value
          * @return the builder used to create the constraint clause, ready to be used to create other constraints clauses or
          *         complete already-started clauses; never null
          */
         public ConstraintBuilder isNotEqualTo( Object literal ) {
             return is(Operator.NOT_EQUAL_TO, literal);
         }
 
         /**
          * Define the constraint as a range between a lower boundary and an upper boundary.
          * 
          * @return the interface used to specify the lower boundary boundary, the upper boundary, and which will return the
          *         builder interface; never null
          */
         public LowerBoundary isBetween() {
             return new LowerBoundary(this);
         }
     }
 
     public class AndBuilder<T> {
         private final T object;
 
         protected AndBuilder( T object ) {
             assert object != null;
             this.object = object;
         }
 
         /**
          * Return the component
          * 
          * @return the component; never null
          */
         public T and() {
             return this.object;
         }
     }
 }