java.lang.Object
- org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
- - org.hibernate.dialect.AbstractTransactSQLDialect
  - - org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect

All Implemented Interfaces:

ConversionContext

Direct Known Subclasses:

SQLServer2005Dialect, SQLServer2008Dialect, SQLServer2012Dialect, SQLServer2016Dialect
```
public class SQLServerDialect
extends AbstractTransactSQLDialect
```
A dialect for Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and above

Nested Class Summary
- Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect.SizeStrategy, Dialect.SizeStrategyImpl

Field Summary
- Fields inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
  CLOSED_QUOTE, LEGACY_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY, LOG_BASE2OF10, NEW_LOCATOR_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY, QUOTE, STANDARD_DEFAULT_BATCH_LOAD_SIZING_STRATEGY, STREAM_XFER_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor Description

SQLServerDialect()

SQLServerDialect(DatabaseVersion version)

SQLServerDialect(DialectResolutionInfo info)

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`void`	`appendBinaryLiteral(SqlAppender appender, byte[] bytes)`
`void`	`appendDatetimeFormat(SqlAppender appender, String format)`	Translate the given datetime format string from the pattern language defined by Java's `DateTimeFormatter` to whatever pattern language is understood by the native datetime formatting function for this database (often the `to_char()` function).
`void`	`appendDateTimeLiteral(SqlAppender appender, TemporalAccessor temporalAccessor, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType precision, TimeZone jdbcTimeZone)`
`void`	`appendDateTimeLiteral(SqlAppender appender, Calendar calendar, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType precision, TimeZone jdbcTimeZone)`
`void`	`appendDateTimeLiteral(SqlAppender appender, Date date, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType precision, TimeZone jdbcTimeZone)`
`String`	`appendLockHint(LockOptions lockOptions, String tableName)`	Some dialects support an alternative means to `SELECT FOR UPDATE`, whereby a "lock hint" is appended to the table name in the from clause.
`void`	`appendUUIDLiteral(SqlAppender appender, UUID literal)`
`IdentifierHelper`	`buildIdentifierHelper(IdentifierHelperBuilder builder, DatabaseMetaData dbMetaData)`	Build the IdentifierHelper indicated by this Dialect for handling identifier conversions.
`SQLExceptionConversionDelegate`	`buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate()`	Build an instance of a `SQLExceptionConversionDelegate` for interpreting dialect-specific error or SQLState codes.
`String`	`castPattern(CastType from, CastType to)`	Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a `cast()` function call.
`protected String`	`castType(int sqlTypeCode)`
`char`	`closeQuote()`	The character specific to this dialect used to close a quoted identifier.
`protected String`	`columnType(int sqlTypeCode)`	The column type name for a given JDBC type code defined in `Types` or `SqlTypes`.
`void`	`contributeTypes(TypeContributions typeContributions, ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry)`	Allows the Dialect to contribute additional types
`String`	`currentDate()`	Translation of the HQL/JPQL `current_date` function, which maps to the Java type `java.sql.Date`, and of the HQL `local_date` function which maps to the Java type `java.sql.LocalDate`.
`String`	`currentTime()`	Translation of the HQL/JPQL `current_time` function, which maps to the Java type `java.sql.Time` which is a time with no time zone.
`String`	`currentTimestamp()`	Translation of the HQL/JPQL `current_timestamp` function, which maps to the Java type `java.sql.Timestamp` which is a datetime with no time zone.
`String`	`currentTimestampWithTimeZone()`	Translation of the HQL `offset_datetime` function, which maps to the Java type `java.time.OffsetDateTime` which is a datetime with a time zone.
`static Replacer`	`datetimeFormat(String format)`
`boolean`	`doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders()`	For the underlying database, is READ_COMMITTED isolation implemented by forcing readers to wait for write locks to be released?
`boolean`	`doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters()`	For the underlying database, is REPEATABLE_READ isolation implemented by forcing writers to wait for read locks to be released?
`String`	`extractPattern(TemporalUnit unit)`	Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to an `extract()` function call.
`String`	`generatedAs(String generatedAs)`
`String`	`getCreateTemporaryTableColumnAnnotation(int sqlTypeCode)`	Annotation to be appended to the end of each COLUMN clause for temporary tables.
`String`	`getCurrentSchemaCommand()`	Get the SQL command used to retrieve the current schema name.
`String`	`getCurrentTimestampSelectString()`	The current_timestamp is more accurate, but only known to be supported in SQL Server 7.0 and later and Sybase not known to support it at all
`long`	`getDefaultLobLength()`
`int`	`getDefaultTimestampPrecision()`	SQL server supports up to 7 decimal digits of fractional second precision in a datetime2, but since its duration arithmetic functions try to fit durations into an int, which is impossible with such high precision, so default to generating `datetime2(3)` columns.
`String[]`	`getDropSchemaCommand(String schemaName)`	Get the SQL command used to drop the named schema
`long`	`getFractionalSecondPrecisionInNanos()`	SQL server supports up to 7 decimal digits of fractional second precision in a datetime2, but unfortunately its duration arithmetic functions have a nasty habit of overflowing.
`IdentityColumnSupport`	`getIdentityColumnSupport()`	Get the appropriate `IdentityColumnSupport`
`int`	`getInExpressionCountLimit()`	Return the limit that the underlying database places on the number of elements in an `IN` predicate.
`LimitHandler`	`getLimitHandler()`	Returns a `LimitHandler` that implements support for `Query.setMaxResults(int)` and `Query.setFirstResult(int)` for this dialect.
`int`	`getMaxIdentifierLength()`	What is the maximum identifier length supported by the dialect?
`int`	`getMaxNVarcharLength()`	The longest possible length of a `Types.NVARCHAR`-like column.
`int`	`getMaxVarcharLength()`	The longest possible length of a `Types.VARCHAR`-like column.
`NameQualifierSupport`	`getNameQualifierSupport()`	By default interpret this based on DatabaseMetaData.
`String`	`getNoColumnsInsertString()`	The fragment used to insert a row without specifying any column values.
`String`	`getQueryHintString(String sql, String hints)`	Apply a hint to the query.
`String`	`getQuerySequencesString()`	Get the select command used retrieve the names of all sequences.
`Exporter<Sequence>`	`getSequenceExporter()`
`SequenceSupport`	`getSequenceSupport()`
`SqlAstTranslatorFactory`	`getSqlAstTranslatorFactory()`	Return an SqlAstTranslatorFactory specific for the Dialect.
`TimeZoneSupport`	`getTimeZoneSupport()`	How the Dialect supports time zone types like `Types.TIMESTAMP_WITH_TIMEZONE`.
`boolean`	`hasDataTypeBeforeGeneratedAs()`
`void`	`initializeFunctionRegistry(QueryEngine queryEngine)`	Initialize the given registry with any dialect-specific functions.
`char`	`openQuote()`	The character specific to this dialect used to begin a quoted identifier.
`protected void`	`registerColumnTypes(TypeContributions typeContributions, ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry)`	Register ANSI-standard column types using the length limits defined by `Dialect.getMaxVarcharLength()`, `Dialect.getMaxNVarcharLength()`, and `Dialect.getMaxVarbinaryLength()`.
`protected void`	`registerDefaultKeywords()`
`boolean`	`supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints()`	Does this dialect support definition of cascade delete constraints which can cause circular chains?
`boolean`	`supportsFetchClause(FetchClauseType type)`	Does this dialect support the given fetch clause type.
`boolean`	`supportsIfExistsBeforeConstraintName()`	For dropping a constraint with an "alter table", can the phrase "if exists" be applied before the constraint name?
`boolean`	`supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName()`	For dropping a table, can the phrase "if exists" be applied before the table name?
`boolean`	`supportsLateral()`	Does this dialect support the SQL lateral keyword or a proprietary alternative?
`boolean`	`supportsLobValueChangePropagation()`	Does the dialect support propagating changes to LOB values back to the database? Talking about mutating the internal value of the locator as opposed to supplying a new locator instance...
`boolean`	`supportsNamedParameters(DatabaseMetaData databaseMetaData)`	Override the DatabaseMetaData#supportsNamedParameters()
`boolean`	`supportsNonQueryWithCTE()`	Does this dialect/database support non-query statements (e.g.
`boolean`	`supportsNoWait()`	Does this dialect/database support NO_WAIT timeout.
`boolean`	`supportsNullPrecedence()`
`boolean`	`supportsOffsetInSubquery()`	Does this dialect support offset in subqueries? Ex: select * from Table1 where col1 in (select col1 from Table2 order by col2 limit 1 offset 1)
`boolean`	`supportsResultSetPositionQueryMethodsOnForwardOnlyCursor()`	Does this dialect support asking the result set its positioning information on forward only cursors.
`boolean`	`supportsSkipLocked()`	Does this dialect/database support SKIP_LOCKED timeout.
`boolean`	`supportsValuesList()`	Does this dialect/database support VALUES list (e.g.
`boolean`	`supportsWait()`	Does this dialect/database support WAIT timeout.
`boolean`	`supportsWindowFunctions()`	Does this dialect support window functions like `row_number() over (..)`?
`String`	`timestampaddPattern(TemporalUnit unit, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType temporalType, IntervalType intervalType)`	Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a `timestampadd()` function call.
`String`	`timestampdiffPattern(TemporalUnit unit, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType fromTemporalType, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType toTemporalType)`	Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a `timestampdiff()` function call.
`String`	`translateDurationField(TemporalUnit unit)`	Return the name used to identify the given unit of duration as an argument to `#timestampadd()` or `#timestampdiff()`, or of this dialect's equivalent functions.
`String`	`translateExtractField(TemporalUnit unit)`	Return the name used to identify the given field as an argument to the `extract()` function, or of this dialect's equivalent function.

Methods inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
addSqlHintOrComment, appendArrayLiteral, appendBooleanValueString, appendIntervalLiteral, appendLiteral, augmentPhysicalTableTypes, augmentRecognizedTableTypes, canCreateCatalog, canCreateSchema, checkVersion, currentLocalTime, currentLocalTimestamp, defaultScrollMode, dropConstraints, equivalentTypes, escapeComment, forceLobAsLastValue, getAddColumnSuffixString, getAddForeignKeyConstraintString, getAddForeignKeyConstraintString, getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString, getAlterTableString, getArrayTypeName, getAuxiliaryDatabaseObjectExporter, getBooleanCheckCondition, getCallableStatementSupport, getCascadeConstraintsString, getCaseInsensitiveLike, getColumnAliasExtractor, getColumnComment, getCreateCatalogCommand, getCreateMultisetTableString, getCreateSchemaCommand, getCreateTableString, getDefaultBatchLoadSizingStrategy, getDefaultDecimalPrecision, getDefaultNonContextualLobCreation, getDefaultProperties, getDefaultUseGetGeneratedKeys, getDoublePrecision, getDropCatalogCommand, getDropForeignKeyString, getDropTableString, getEnumCheckCondition, getFloatPrecision, getForeignKeyExporter, getForUpdateNowaitString, getForUpdateNowaitString, getForUpdateSkipLockedString, getForUpdateSkipLockedString, getForUpdateString, getForUpdateString, getForUpdateString, getForUpdateString, getGroupBySelectItemReferenceStrategy, getHqlTranslator, getIndexExporter, getKeywords, getLobMergeStrategy, getLockingStrategy, getLockRowIdentifier, getLowercaseFunction, getMaxAliasLength, getMaxVarbinaryLength, getMinimumSupportedVersion, getNationalizationSupport, getNativeIdentifierGeneratorStrategy, getNullColumnString, getNullColumnString, getPreferredSqlTypeCodeForArray, getQueryHintString, getReadLockString, getReadLockString, getReadRowLockStrategy, getResultSet, getResultSet, getSchemaNameResolver, getSelectClauseNullString, getSequenceInformationExtractor, getSizeStrategy, getSqmTranslatorFactory, getTableComment, getTableExporter, getTableTypeString, getTemporaryTableCreateOptions, getTemporaryTableDdlTransactionHandling, getTemporaryTableDropCommand, getTemporaryTableExporter, getTemporaryTableTruncateCommand, getUniqueDelegate, getUniqueKeyExporter, getVersion, getViolatedConstraintNameExtractor, getWriteLockString, getWriteLockString, hasAlterTable, hasSelfReferentialForeignKeyBug, initDefaultProperties, inlineLiteral, isAnsiNullOn, isEmptyStringTreatedAsNull, isJdbcLogWarningsEnabledByDefault, isLockTimeoutParameterized, prependComment, quote, registerKeyword, registerKeywords, registerResultSetOutParameter, requiresFloatCastingOfIntegerDivision, requiresParensForTupleCounts, requiresParensForTupleDistinctCounts, resolveSqlTypeCode, resolveSqlTypeCode, resolveSqlTypeLength, supportsBindAsCallableArgument, supportsBitType, supportsCascadeDelete, supportsCaseInsensitiveLike, supportsColumnCheck, supportsCommentOn, supportsDistinctFromPredicate, supportsExpectedLobUsagePattern, supportsFractionalTimestampArithmetic, supportsIfExistsAfterAlterTable, supportsIfExistsAfterConstraintName, supportsIfExistsAfterTableName, supportsJdbcConnectionLobCreation, supportsLockTimeouts, supportsNoColumnsInsert, supportsOrderByInSubquery, supportsOrdinalSelectItemReference, supportsOuterJoinForUpdate, supportsParametersInInsertSelect, supportsStandardArrays, supportsSubqueryInSelect, supportsSubqueryOnMutatingTable, supportsSubselectAsInPredicateLHS, supportsTableCheck, supportsTemporalLiteralOffset, supportsTemporaryTablePrimaryKey, supportsTemporaryTables, supportsTruncateWithCast, supportsTupleCounts, supportsUnboundedLobLocatorMaterialization, supportsUnionAll, supportsUnionInSubquery, supportsValuesListForInsert, toBooleanValueString, toQuotedIdentifier, toString, transformSelectString, useFollowOnLocking, useInputStreamToInsertBlob

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
  - SQLServerDialect
```
public SQLServerDialect()
```
  - SQLServerDialect
```
public SQLServerDialect(DatabaseVersion version)
```
  - SQLServerDialect
```
public SQLServerDialect(DialectResolutionInfo info)
```
- Method Detail
  - registerDefaultKeywords
```
protected void registerDefaultKeywords()
```
    Overrides:
    
    registerDefaultKeywords in class Dialect
  - columnType
```
protected String columnType(int sqlTypeCode)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The column type name for a given JDBC type code defined in Types or SqlTypes. This default implementation returns the ANSI-standard type name.
    This method may be overridden by concrete Dialects as an alternative to Dialect.registerColumnTypes(TypeContributions, ServiceRegistry) for simple registrations.
    
    Overrides:
    
    columnType in class AbstractTransactSQLDialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    sqlTypeCode - a SQL type code
    
    Returns:
    
    a column type name, with $l, $p, $s placeholders for length, precision, scale
    
    See Also:
    
    SqlTypes
  - castType
```
protected String castType(int sqlTypeCode)
```
    Overrides:
    
    castType in class Dialect
  - registerColumnTypes
```
protected void registerColumnTypes(TypeContributions typeContributions,
                                   ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Register ANSI-standard column types using the length limits defined by Dialect.getMaxVarcharLength(), Dialect.getMaxNVarcharLength(), and Dialect.getMaxVarbinaryLength().
    This method is always called when a Dialect is instantiated.
    
    Overrides:
    
    registerColumnTypes in class Dialect
  - getMaxVarcharLength
```
public int getMaxVarcharLength()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The longest possible length of a Types.VARCHAR-like column. For longer column lengths, use some sort of text-like type for the column.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getMaxVarcharLength in class Dialect
  - getMaxNVarcharLength
```
public int getMaxNVarcharLength()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The longest possible length of a Types.NVARCHAR-like column. For longer column lengths, use some sort of text-like type for the column.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getMaxNVarcharLength in class Dialect
  - getTimeZoneSupport
```
public TimeZoneSupport getTimeZoneSupport()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    How the Dialect supports time zone types like Types.TIMESTAMP_WITH_TIMEZONE.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getTimeZoneSupport in class Dialect
  - getDefaultLobLength
```
public long getDefaultLobLength()
```
    Overrides:
    
    getDefaultLobLength in class Dialect
  - getMaxIdentifierLength
```
public int getMaxIdentifierLength()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    What is the maximum identifier length supported by the dialect?
    
    Overrides:
    
    getMaxIdentifierLength in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The maximum length.
  - contributeTypes
```
public void contributeTypes(TypeContributions typeContributions,
                            ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Allows the Dialect to contribute additional types
    
    Overrides:
    
    contributeTypes in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    typeContributions - Callback to contribute the types
    
    serviceRegistry - The service registry
  - initializeFunctionRegistry
```
public void initializeFunctionRegistry(QueryEngine queryEngine)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    Initialize the given registry with any dialect-specific functions.
    Support for certain SQL functions is required, and if the database does not support a required function, then the dialect must define a way to emulate it.
    These required functions include the functions defined by the JPA query language specification:
    
    avg(arg) - aggregate function
    count([distinct ]arg) - aggregate function
    max(arg) - aggregate function
    min(arg) - aggregate function
    sum(arg) - aggregate function
    
    coalesce(arg0, arg1, ...)
    nullif(arg0, arg1)
    
    lower(arg)
    upper(arg)
    length(arg)
    concat(arg0, arg1, ...)
    locate(pattern, string[, start])
    substring(string, start[, length])
    trim([[spec ][character ]from] string)
    
    abs(arg)
    mod(arg0, arg1)
    sqrt(arg)
    
    current date
    current time
    current timestamp
    Along with an additional set of functions defined by ANSI SQL:
    
    any(arg) - aggregate function
    every(arg) - aggregate function
    
    cast(arg as Type)
    extract(field from arg)
    
    ln(arg)
    exp(arg)
    power(arg0, arg1)
    floor(arg)
    ceiling(arg)
    
    position(pattern in string)
    substring(string from start[ for length])
    overlay(string placing replacement from start[ for length])
    And the following functions for working with java.time types:
    
    local date
    local time
    local datetime
    offset datetime
    instant
    And a number of additional "standard" functions:
    
    left(string, length)
    right(string, length)
    replace(string, pattern, replacement)
    pad(string with length spec[ character])
    
    log10(arg)
    sign(arg)
    sin(arg)
    cos(arg)
    tan(arg)
    asin(arg)
    acos(arg)
    atan(arg)
    atan2(arg0, arg1)
    round(arg0, arg1)
    least(arg0, arg1, ...)
    greatest(arg0, arg1, ...)
    
    format(datetime as pattern)
    collate(string as collation)
    str(arg) - synonym of cast(a as String)
    ifnull(arg0, arg1) - synonym of coalesce(a, b)
    Finally, the following functions are defined as abbreviations for extract(), and desugared by the parser:
    
    second(arg) - synonym of extract(second from a)
    minute(arg) - synonym of extract(minute from a)
    hour(arg) - synonym of extract(hour from a)
    day(arg) - synonym of extract(day from a)
    month(arg) - synonym of extract(month from a)
    year(arg) - synonym of extract(year from a)
    Note that according to this definition, the second() function returns a floating point value, contrary to the integer type returned by the native function with this name on many databases. Thus, we don't just naively map these HQL functions to the native SQL functions with the same names.
    Overrides:
    
    initializeFunctionRegistry in class AbstractTransactSQLDialect
  - getSqlAstTranslatorFactory
```
public SqlAstTranslatorFactory getSqlAstTranslatorFactory()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Return an SqlAstTranslatorFactory specific for the Dialect. Return null to use Hibernate's standard translator.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getSqlAstTranslatorFactory in class Dialect
    
    See Also:
    
    StandardSqlAstTranslatorFactory, JdbcEnvironment.getSqlAstTranslatorFactory()
  - castPattern
```
public String castPattern(CastType from,
                          CastType to)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a cast() function call. The resulting pattern must contain ?1 and ?2 placeholders for the arguments.
    
    Overrides:
    
    castPattern in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    from - a CastType indicating the type of the value argument
    
    to - a CastType indicating the type the value argument is cast to
  - currentTimestamp
```
public String currentTimestamp()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Translation of the HQL/JPQL current_timestamp function, which maps to the Java type java.sql.Timestamp which is a datetime with no time zone. This contradicts ANSI SQL where current_timestamp has the type TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE.
    It is recommended to override this in dialects for databases which support localtimestamp or timestamp at local.
    
    Overrides:
    
    currentTimestamp in class Dialect
  - buildIdentifierHelper
```
public IdentifierHelper buildIdentifierHelper(IdentifierHelperBuilder builder,
                                              DatabaseMetaData dbMetaData)
                                       throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    Build the IdentifierHelper indicated by this Dialect for handling identifier conversions. Returning null is allowed and indicates that Hibernate should fallback to building a "standard" helper. In the fallback path, any changes made to the IdentifierHelperBuilder during this call will still be incorporated into the built IdentifierHelper.
    The incoming builder will have the following set:
    
    IdentifierHelperBuilder.isGloballyQuoteIdentifiers()
    
    IdentifierHelperBuilder.getUnquotedCaseStrategy() - initialized to UPPER
    
    IdentifierHelperBuilder.getQuotedCaseStrategy() - initialized to MIXED
    
    By default Hibernate will do the following:
    
    Call IdentifierHelperBuilder.applyIdentifierCasing(DatabaseMetaData)
    Call IdentifierHelperBuilder.applyReservedWords(DatabaseMetaData)
    Applies AnsiSqlKeywords.sql2003() as reserved words
    
    Applies the {#link #sqlKeywords} collected here as reserved words
    
    Applies the Dialect's NameQualifierSupport, if it defines one
    Overrides:
    
    buildIdentifierHelper in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    builder - A semi-configured IdentifierHelper builder.
    
    dbMetaData - Access to the metadata returned from the driver if needed and if available. WARNING: may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    The IdentifierHelper instance to use, or null to indicate Hibernate should use its fallback path
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - Accessing the DatabaseMetaData can throw it. Just re-throw and Hibernate will handle.
    
    See Also:
    
    Dialect.getNameQualifierSupport()
  - currentTime
```
public String currentTime()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Translation of the HQL/JPQL current_time function, which maps to the Java type java.sql.Time which is a time with no time zone. This contradicts ANSI SQL where current_time has the type TIME WITH TIME ZONE.
    It is recommended to override this in dialects for databases which support localtime or time at local.
    
    Overrides:
    
    currentTime in class Dialect
  - currentDate
```
public String currentDate()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Translation of the HQL/JPQL current_date function, which maps to the Java type java.sql.Date, and of the HQL local_date function which maps to the Java type java.sql.LocalDate.
    
    Overrides:
    
    currentDate in class Dialect
  - currentTimestampWithTimeZone
```
public String currentTimestampWithTimeZone()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Translation of the HQL offset_datetime function, which maps to the Java type java.time.OffsetDateTime which is a datetime with a time zone. This in principle correctly maps to the ANSI SQL current_timestamp which has the type TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE.
    
    Overrides:
    
    currentTimestampWithTimeZone in class Dialect
  - getNoColumnsInsertString
```
public String getNoColumnsInsertString()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The fragment used to insert a row without specifying any column values. This is not possible on some databases.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getNoColumnsInsertString in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate empty values clause.
  - getLimitHandler
```
public LimitHandler getLimitHandler()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Returns a LimitHandler that implements support for Query.setMaxResults(int) and Query.setFirstResult(int) for this dialect.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getLimitHandler in class Dialect
  - supportsValuesList
```
public boolean supportsValuesList()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect/database support VALUES list (e.g. VALUES (1), (2), (3) )
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsValuesList in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if VALUES list are supported
  - closeQuote
```
public char closeQuote()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The character specific to this dialect used to close a quoted identifier.
    
    Overrides:
    
    closeQuote in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The dialect's specific close quote character.
  - getCurrentSchemaCommand
```
public String getCurrentSchemaCommand()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the SQL command used to retrieve the current schema name. Works in conjunction with Dialect.getSchemaNameResolver(), unless the return from there does not need this information. E.g., a custom impl might make use of the Java 1.7 addition of the Connection.getSchema() method
    
    Overrides:
    
    getCurrentSchemaCommand in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The current schema retrieval SQL
  - supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName
```
public boolean supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    For dropping a table, can the phrase "if exists" be applied before the table name?
    NOTE : Only one or the other (or neither) of this and Dialect.supportsIfExistsAfterTableName() should return true
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the "if exists" can be applied before the table name
  - supportsIfExistsBeforeConstraintName
```
public boolean supportsIfExistsBeforeConstraintName()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    For dropping a constraint with an "alter table", can the phrase "if exists" be applied before the constraint name?
    NOTE : Only one or the other (or neither) of this and Dialect.supportsIfExistsAfterConstraintName() should return true
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsIfExistsBeforeConstraintName in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the "if exists" can be applied before the constraint name
  - openQuote
```
public char openQuote()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The character specific to this dialect used to begin a quoted identifier.
    
    Overrides:
    
    openQuote in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The dialect's specific open quote character.
  - appendLockHint
```
public String appendLockHint(LockOptions lockOptions,
                             String tableName)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Some dialects support an alternative means to SELECT FOR UPDATE, whereby a "lock hint" is appended to the table name in the from clause.
    contributed by Helge Schulz
    
    Overrides:
    
    appendLockHint in class AbstractTransactSQLDialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    lockOptions - The lock options to apply
    
    tableName - The name of the table to which to apply the lock hint.
    
    Returns:
    
    The table with any required lock hints.
  - getCurrentTimestampSelectString
```
public String getCurrentTimestampSelectString()
```
    The current_timestamp is more accurate, but only known to be supported in SQL Server 7.0 and later and Sybase not known to support it at all
    Retrieve the command used to retrieve the current timestamp from the database.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getCurrentTimestampSelectString in class AbstractTransactSQLDialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The command.
  - supportsResultSetPositionQueryMethodsOnForwardOnlyCursor
```
public boolean supportsResultSetPositionQueryMethodsOnForwardOnlyCursor()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support asking the result set its positioning information on forward only cursors. Specifically, in the case of scrolling fetches, Hibernate needs to use ResultSet.isAfterLast() and ResultSet.isBeforeFirst(). Certain drivers do not allow access to these methods for forward only cursors.
    NOTE : this is highly driver dependent!
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsResultSetPositionQueryMethodsOnForwardOnlyCursor in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if methods like ResultSet.isAfterLast() and ResultSet.isBeforeFirst() are supported for forward only cursors; false otherwise.
  - supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints
```
public boolean supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support definition of cascade delete constraints which can cause circular chains?
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if circular cascade delete constraints are supported; false otherwise.
  - supportsLobValueChangePropagation
```
public boolean supportsLobValueChangePropagation()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does the dialect support propagating changes to LOB values back to the database? Talking about mutating the internal value of the locator as opposed to supplying a new locator instance...
    For BLOBs, the internal value might be changed by: Blob.setBinaryStream(long), Blob.setBytes(long, byte[]), Blob.setBytes(long, byte[], int, int), or Blob.truncate(long).
    For CLOBs, the internal value might be changed by: Clob.setAsciiStream(long), Clob.setCharacterStream(long), Clob.setString(long, String), Clob.setString(long, String, int, int), or Clob.truncate(long).
    NOTE : I do not know the correct answer currently for databases which (1) are not part of the cruise control process or (2) do not Dialect.supportsExpectedLobUsagePattern().
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsLobValueChangePropagation in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if the changes are propagated back to the database; false otherwise.
  - doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders
```
public boolean doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    For the underlying database, is READ_COMMITTED isolation implemented by forcing readers to wait for write locks to be released?
    
    Overrides:
    
    doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders in class AbstractTransactSQLDialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if writers block readers to achieve READ_COMMITTED; false otherwise.
  - doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters
```
public boolean doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    For the underlying database, is REPEATABLE_READ isolation implemented by forcing writers to wait for read locks to be released?
    
    Overrides:
    
    doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters in class AbstractTransactSQLDialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if readers block writers to achieve REPEATABLE_READ; false otherwise.
  - getInExpressionCountLimit
```
public int getInExpressionCountLimit()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Return the limit that the underlying database places on the number of elements in an IN predicate. If the database defines no such limits, simply return zero or less-than-zero.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getInExpressionCountLimit in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    int The limit, or zero-or-less to indicate no limit.
  - getIdentityColumnSupport
```
public IdentityColumnSupport getIdentityColumnSupport()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the appropriate IdentityColumnSupport
    
    Overrides:
    
    getIdentityColumnSupport in class AbstractTransactSQLDialect
    
    Returns:
    
    the IdentityColumnSupport
  - supportsNonQueryWithCTE
```
public boolean supportsNonQueryWithCTE()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect/database support non-query statements (e.g. INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) with CTE (Common Table Expressions)?
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsNonQueryWithCTE in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if non-query statements are supported with CTE
  - supportsSkipLocked
```
public boolean supportsSkipLocked()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect/database support SKIP_LOCKED timeout.
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsSkipLocked in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if SKIP_LOCKED is supported
  - supportsNoWait
```
public boolean supportsNoWait()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect/database support NO_WAIT timeout.
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsNoWait in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if NO_WAIT is supported
  - supportsWait
```
public boolean supportsWait()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect/database support WAIT timeout.
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsWait in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if WAIT is supported
  - getSequenceSupport
```
public SequenceSupport getSequenceSupport()
```
    Overrides:
    
    getSequenceSupport in class Dialect
  - getQuerySequencesString
```
public String getQuerySequencesString()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the select command used retrieve the names of all sequences.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getQuerySequencesString in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The select command; or null if sequences are not supported.
  - getQueryHintString
```
public String getQueryHintString(String sql,
                                 String hints)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Apply a hint to the query. The entire query is provided, allowing the Dialect full control over the placement and syntax of the hint. By default, ignore the hint and simply return the query.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getQueryHintString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    sql - The query to which to apply the hint.
    
    hints - The hints to apply
    
    Returns:
    
    The modified SQL
  - supportsNullPrecedence
```
public boolean supportsNullPrecedence()
```
    Overrides:
    
    supportsNullPrecedence in class Dialect
  - supportsOffsetInSubquery
```
public boolean supportsOffsetInSubquery()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support offset in subqueries? Ex: select * from Table1 where col1 in (select col1 from Table2 order by col2 limit 1 offset 1)
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsOffsetInSubquery in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    boolean
  - supportsWindowFunctions
```
public boolean supportsWindowFunctions()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support window functions like row_number() over (..)?
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsWindowFunctions in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the underlying database supports window functions, false otherwise. The default is false.
  - supportsLateral
```
public boolean supportsLateral()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support the SQL lateral keyword or a proprietary alternative?
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsLateral in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the underlying database supports lateral, false otherwise. The default is false.
  - supportsFetchClause
```
public boolean supportsFetchClause(FetchClauseType type)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support the given fetch clause type.
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsFetchClause in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    type - The fetch clause type
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the underlying database supports the given fetch clause type, false otherwise. The default is false.
  - buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate
```
public SQLExceptionConversionDelegate buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    Build an instance of a SQLExceptionConversionDelegate for interpreting dialect-specific error or SQLState codes.
    If this method is overridden to return a non-null value, the default SQLExceptionConverter will use the returned SQLExceptionConversionDelegate in addition to the following standard delegates:
    
    a "static" delegate based on the JDBC 4 defined SQLException hierarchy;
    
    a delegate that interprets SQLState codes for either X/Open or SQL-2003 codes, depending on java.sql.DatabaseMetaData#getSQLStateType
    
    It is strongly recommended that specific Dialect implementations override this method, since interpretation of a SQL error is much more accurate when based on the vendor-specific ErrorCode rather than the SQLState.
    Specific Dialects may override to return whatever is most appropriate for that vendor.
    Overrides:
    
    buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The SQLExceptionConversionDelegate for this dialect
  - getDefaultTimestampPrecision
```
public int getDefaultTimestampPrecision()
```
    SQL server supports up to 7 decimal digits of fractional second precision in a datetime2, but since its duration arithmetic functions try to fit durations into an int, which is impossible with such high precision, so default to generating datetime2(3) columns.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getDefaultTimestampPrecision in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    the default precision, in decimal digits, of the fractional seconds field
  - getFractionalSecondPrecisionInNanos
```
public long getFractionalSecondPrecisionInNanos()
```
    SQL server supports up to 7 decimal digits of fractional second precision in a datetime2, but unfortunately its duration arithmetic functions have a nasty habit of overflowing. So to give ourselves a little extra headroom, we will use microsecond as the native unit of precision (but even then we have to use tricks when calling dateadd()).
    
    Overrides:
    
    getFractionalSecondPrecisionInNanos in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    the precision, specified as a quantity of nanoseconds
    
    See Also:
    
    TemporalUnit.NATIVE
  - extractPattern
```
public String extractPattern(TemporalUnit unit)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to an extract() function call. The resulting pattern must contain ?1 and ?2 placeholders for the arguments.
    This method does not need to handle TemporalUnit.NANOSECOND, TemporalUnit.NATIVE, TemporalUnit.OFFSET, TemporalUnit.DATE, TemporalUnit.TIME, TemporalUnit.WEEK_OF_YEAR, or TemporalUnit.WEEK_OF_MONTH, which are already desugared by ExtractFunction.
    
    Overrides:
    
    extractPattern in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    unit - the first argument
  - timestampaddPattern
```
public String timestampaddPattern(TemporalUnit unit,
                                  jakarta.persistence.TemporalType temporalType,
                                  IntervalType intervalType)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a timestampadd() function call. The resulting pattern must contain ?1, ?2, and ?3 placeholders for the arguments.
    
    Overrides:
    
    timestampaddPattern in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    unit - The unit to add to the temporal
    
    temporalType - The type of the temporal
    
    intervalType - The type of interval to add or null if it's not a native interval
  - timestampdiffPattern
```
public String timestampdiffPattern(TemporalUnit unit,
                                   jakarta.persistence.TemporalType fromTemporalType,
                                   jakarta.persistence.TemporalType toTemporalType)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a timestampdiff() function call. The resulting pattern must contain ?1, ?2, and ?3 placeholders for the arguments.
    
    Overrides:
    
    timestampdiffPattern in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    unit - the first argument
    
    fromTemporalType - true if the first argument is a timestamp, false if a date
    
    toTemporalType - true if the second argument is
  - translateDurationField
```
public String translateDurationField(TemporalUnit unit)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Return the name used to identify the given unit of duration as an argument to #timestampadd() or #timestampdiff(), or of this dialect's equivalent functions.
    This method does not need to handle TemporalUnit.NANOSECOND, TemporalUnit.NATIVE, TemporalUnit.OFFSET, TemporalUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK, TemporalUnit.DAY_OF_MONTH, TemporalUnit.DAY_OF_YEAR, TemporalUnit.DATE, TemporalUnit.TIME, TemporalUnit.TIMEZONE_HOUR, TemporalUnit.TIMEZONE_MINUTE, TemporalUnit.WEEK_OF_YEAR, nor TemporalUnit.WEEK_OF_MONTH, which are not units of duration.
    
    Overrides:
    
    translateDurationField in class Dialect
  - translateExtractField
```
public String translateExtractField(TemporalUnit unit)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Return the name used to identify the given field as an argument to the extract() function, or of this dialect's equivalent function.
    This method does not need to handle TemporalUnit.NANOSECOND, TemporalUnit.NATIVE, TemporalUnit.OFFSET, TemporalUnit.DATE, TemporalUnit.TIME, TemporalUnit.WEEK_OF_YEAR, nor TemporalUnit.WEEK_OF_MONTH, which are already desugared by ExtractFunction.
    
    Overrides:
    
    translateExtractField in class Dialect
  - appendDatetimeFormat
```
public void appendDatetimeFormat(SqlAppender appender,
                                 String format)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    Translate the given datetime format string from the pattern language defined by Java's DateTimeFormatter to whatever pattern language is understood by the native datetime formatting function for this database (often the to_char() function).
    Since it's never possible to translate all of the pattern letter sequences understood by DateTimeFormatter, only the following subset of pattern letters is accepted by Hibernate:
    
    G: era
    
    y: year of era
    
    Y: year of week-based year
    
    M: month of year
    
    w: week of week-based year (ISO week number)
    
    W: week of month
    
    E: day of week (name)
    
    e: day of week (number)
    
    d: day of month
    
    D: day of year
    
    a: AM/PM
    
    H: hour of day (24 hour time)
    
    h: hour of AM/PM (12 hour time)
    
    m: minutes
    
    s: seconds
    
    z,Z,x: timezone offset
    
    In addition, punctuation characters and single-quoted literal strings are accepted.
    Appends a pattern accepted by the function that formats dates and times in this dialect to a SQL fragment that is being constructed.
    Overrides:
    
    appendDatetimeFormat in class Dialect
  - datetimeFormat
```
public static Replacer datetimeFormat(String format)
```
  - appendBinaryLiteral
```
public void appendBinaryLiteral(SqlAppender appender,
                                byte[] bytes)
```
    Overrides:
    
    appendBinaryLiteral in class AbstractTransactSQLDialect
  - appendUUIDLiteral
```
public void appendUUIDLiteral(SqlAppender appender,
                              UUID literal)
```
    Overrides:
    
    appendUUIDLiteral in class Dialect
  - appendDateTimeLiteral
```
public void appendDateTimeLiteral(SqlAppender appender,
                                  TemporalAccessor temporalAccessor,
                                  jakarta.persistence.TemporalType precision,
                                  TimeZone jdbcTimeZone)
```
    Overrides:
    
    appendDateTimeLiteral in class Dialect
  - appendDateTimeLiteral
```
public void appendDateTimeLiteral(SqlAppender appender,
                                  Date date,
                                  jakarta.persistence.TemporalType precision,
                                  TimeZone jdbcTimeZone)
```
    Overrides:
    
    appendDateTimeLiteral in class Dialect
  - appendDateTimeLiteral
```
public void appendDateTimeLiteral(SqlAppender appender,
                                  Calendar calendar,
                                  jakarta.persistence.TemporalType precision,
                                  TimeZone jdbcTimeZone)
```
    Overrides:
    
    appendDateTimeLiteral in class Dialect
  - getCreateTemporaryTableColumnAnnotation
```
public String getCreateTemporaryTableColumnAnnotation(int sqlTypeCode)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Annotation to be appended to the end of each COLUMN clause for temporary tables.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getCreateTemporaryTableColumnAnnotation in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    sqlTypeCode - The SQL type code
    
    Returns:
    
    The annotation to be appended (e.g. "COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT" in SQLServer SQL)
  - getDropSchemaCommand
```
public String[] getDropSchemaCommand(String schemaName)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the SQL command used to drop the named schema
    
    Overrides:
    
    getDropSchemaCommand in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    schemaName - The name of the schema to be dropped.
    
    Returns:
    
    The drop commands
  - getNameQualifierSupport
```
public NameQualifierSupport getNameQualifierSupport()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    By default interpret this based on DatabaseMetaData.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getNameQualifierSupport in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The NameQualifierSupport.
  - getSequenceExporter
```
public Exporter<Sequence> getSequenceExporter()
```
    Overrides:
    
    getSequenceExporter in class Dialect
  - supportsNamedParameters
```
public boolean supportsNamedParameters(DatabaseMetaData databaseMetaData)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Override the DatabaseMetaData#supportsNamedParameters()
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsNamedParameters in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    boolean
  - generatedAs
```
public String generatedAs(String generatedAs)
```
    Overrides:
    
    generatedAs in class Dialect
  - hasDataTypeBeforeGeneratedAs
```
public boolean hasDataTypeBeforeGeneratedAs()
```
    Overrides:
    
    hasDataTypeBeforeGeneratedAs in class Dialect

Constructor	Description
`SQLServerDialect()`
`SQLServerDialect(DatabaseVersion version)`
`SQLServerDialect(DialectResolutionInfo info)`

Class SQLServerDialect

Nested Class Summary

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.AbstractTransactSQLDialect

Methods inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

SQLServerDialect

SQLServerDialect

SQLServerDialect

Method Detail

registerDefaultKeywords

columnType

castType

registerColumnTypes

getMaxVarcharLength

getMaxNVarcharLength

getTimeZoneSupport

getDefaultLobLength

getMaxIdentifierLength

contributeTypes

initializeFunctionRegistry

getSqlAstTranslatorFactory

castPattern

currentTimestamp

buildIdentifierHelper

currentTime

currentDate

currentTimestampWithTimeZone

getNoColumnsInsertString

getLimitHandler

supportsValuesList

closeQuote

getCurrentSchemaCommand

supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName

supportsIfExistsBeforeConstraintName

openQuote

appendLockHint

getCurrentTimestampSelectString

supportsResultSetPositionQueryMethodsOnForwardOnlyCursor

supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints

supportsLobValueChangePropagation

doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders

doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters

getInExpressionCountLimit

getIdentityColumnSupport

supportsNonQueryWithCTE

supportsSkipLocked

supportsNoWait

supportsWait

getSequenceSupport

getQuerySequencesString

getQueryHintString

supportsNullPrecedence

supportsOffsetInSubquery

supportsWindowFunctions

supportsLateral

supportsFetchClause

buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate

getDefaultTimestampPrecision

getFractionalSecondPrecisionInNanos

extractPattern

timestampaddPattern

timestampdiffPattern

translateDurationField

translateExtractField

appendDatetimeFormat

datetimeFormat

appendBinaryLiteral

appendUUIDLiteral

appendDateTimeLiteral

appendDateTimeLiteral

appendDateTimeLiteral

getCreateTemporaryTableColumnAnnotation

getDropSchemaCommand

getNameQualifierSupport