java.lang.Object
- org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
- - org.hibernate.dialect.SpannerDialect

All Implemented Interfaces:

ConversionContext
```
public class SpannerDialect
extends Dialect
```
A SQL dialect for Cloud Spanner.

Nested Class Summary
- Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect.SizeStrategy, Dialect.SizeStrategyImpl

Field Summary
- Fields inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
  CLOSED_QUOTE, LEGACY_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY, LOG_BASE2OF10, NEW_LOCATOR_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY, QUOTE, STANDARD_DEFAULT_BATCH_LOAD_SIZING_STRATEGY, STREAM_XFER_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor Description

SpannerDialect()

SpannerDialect(DialectResolutionInfo info)

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`void`	`appendBooleanValueString(SqlAppender appender, boolean bool)`
`void`	`appendDatetimeFormat(SqlAppender appender, String format)`	Translate the given datetime format string from the pattern language defined by Java's `DateTimeFormatter` to whatever pattern language is understood by the native datetime formatting function for this database (often the `to_char()` function).
`String`	`applyLocksToSql(String sql, LockOptions aliasedLockOptions, Map<String,String[]> keyColumnNames)`	Modifies the given SQL by applying the appropriate updates for the specified lock modes and key columns.
`boolean`	`canCreateSchema()`	Does this dialect support schema creation?
`protected String`	`castType(int sqlTypeCode)`
`char`	`closeQuote()`	The character specific to this dialect used to close a quoted identifier.
`protected String`	`columnType(int sqlTypeCode)`	The database column type name for a given JDBC type code defined in `Types` or `SqlTypes`.
`static Replacer`	`datetimeFormat(String format)`
`boolean`	`dropConstraints()`	Do we need to drop constraints before dropping tables in this dialect?
`String`	`getAddForeignKeyConstraintString(String constraintName, String foreignKeyDefinition)`
`String`	`getAddForeignKeyConstraintString(String constraintName, String[] foreignKey, String referencedTable, String[] primaryKey, boolean referencesPrimaryKey)`	The syntax used to add a foreign key constraint to a table.
`String`	`getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString(String constraintName)`	The syntax used to add a primary key constraint to a table.
`String`	`getArrayTypeName(String elementTypeName)`	The SQL type name for the array of the given type name.
`String[]`	`getCreateSchemaCommand(String schemaName)`	Get the SQL command used to create the named schema
`String`	`getCurrentSchemaCommand()`	Get the SQL command used to retrieve the current schema name.
`String`	`getCurrentTimestampSelectString()`	Retrieve the command used to retrieve the current timestamp from the database.
`String`	`getDropForeignKeyString()`	The `alter table` subcommand used to drop a foreign key constraint.
`String[]`	`getDropSchemaCommand(String schemaName)`	Get the SQL command used to drop the named schema
`Exporter<ForeignKey>`	`getForeignKeyExporter()`
`String`	`getForUpdateNowaitString()`	Retrieves the `FOR UPDATE NOWAIT` syntax specific to this dialect.
`String`	`getForUpdateNowaitString(String aliases)`	Get the `FOR UPDATE OF column_list NOWAIT` fragment appropriate for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be write locked.
`String`	`getForUpdateSkipLockedString()`	Retrieves the `FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED` syntax specific to this dialect.
`String`	`getForUpdateSkipLockedString(String aliases)`	Get the `FOR UPDATE OF column_list SKIP LOCKED` fragment appropriate for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be write locked.
`String`	`getForUpdateString()`	Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire locks for this dialect.
`String`	`getForUpdateString(String aliases)`	Get the `FOR UPDATE OF column_list` fragment appropriate for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be write locked.
`String`	`getForUpdateString(String aliases, LockOptions lockOptions)`	Get the `FOR UPDATE OF` or `FOR SHARE OF` fragment appropriate for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be locked.
`String`	`getForUpdateString(LockOptions lockOptions)`	Given LockOptions (lockMode, timeout), determine the appropriate for update fragment to use.
`LimitHandler`	`getLimitHandler()`	Returns a `LimitHandler` that implements support for `Query.setMaxResults(int)` and `Query.setFirstResult(int)` for this dialect.
`LockingStrategy`	`getLockingStrategy(Lockable lockable, LockMode lockMode)`	Get a strategy instance which knows how to acquire a database-level lock of the specified mode for this dialect.
`int`	`getMaxVarbinaryLength()`	The biggest size value that can be supplied as argument to a `Types.VARBINARY`-like type.
`int`	`getMaxVarcharLength()`	The biggest size value that can be supplied as argument to a `Types.VARCHAR`-like type.
`String`	`getReadLockString(int timeout)`	Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire READ locks for this dialect.
`String`	`getReadLockString(String aliases, int timeout)`	Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire READ locks for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be read locked.
`SchemaNameResolver`	`getSchemaNameResolver()`	Get the strategy for determining the schema name of a Connection
`Exporter<Sequence>`	`getSequenceExporter()`
`SqlAstTranslatorFactory`	`getSqlAstTranslatorFactory()`	Return a `SqlAstTranslatorFactory` specific to this dialect.
`Exporter<Table>`	`getTableExporter()`
`UniqueDelegate`	`getUniqueDelegate()`	Get the `UniqueDelegate` supported by this dialect
`Exporter<Constraint>`	`getUniqueKeyExporter()`
`String`	`getWriteLockString(int timeout)`	Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire WRITE locks for this dialect.
`String`	`getWriteLockString(String aliases, int timeout)`	Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire WRITE locks for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be write locked.
`void`	`initializeFunctionRegistry(QueryEngine queryEngine)`	Initialize the given registry with any dialect-specific functions.
`boolean`	`isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable()`	Should the value returned by `Dialect.getCurrentTimestampSelectString()` be treated as callable.
`char`	`openQuote()`	The character specific to this dialect used to begin a quoted identifier.
`boolean`	`qualifyIndexName()`	Do we need to qualify index names with the schema name?
`boolean`	`supportsCascadeDelete()`	Does this dialect support `on delete` actions in foreign key definitions?
`boolean`	`supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints()`	Does this dialect support definition of cascade delete constraints which can cause circular chains?
`boolean`	`supportsCurrentTimestampSelection()`	Does this dialect support a way to retrieve the database's current timestamp value?
`boolean`	`supportsLockTimeouts()`	Informational metadata about whether this dialect is known to support specifying timeouts for requested lock acquisitions.
`boolean`	`supportsOffsetInSubquery()`	Does this dialect support `offset` in subqueries? For example: `select * from Table1 where col1 in (select col1 from Table2 order by col2 limit 1 offset 1)`
`boolean`	`supportsOuterJoinForUpdate()`	Does this dialect support `FOR UPDATE` in conjunction with outer joined rows?
`boolean`	`supportsStandardArrays()`	Database has native support for SQL standard arrays which can be referred to by its base type name.
`String`	`timestampaddPattern(TemporalUnit unit, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType temporalType, IntervalType intervalType)`	Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a `timestampadd()` function call.
`String`	`timestampdiffPattern(TemporalUnit unit, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType fromTemporalType, jakarta.persistence.TemporalType toTemporalType)`	Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a `timestampdiff()` function call.
`String`	`translateExtractField(TemporalUnit unit)`	Return the name used to identify the given field as an argument to the `extract()` function, or of this dialect's equivalent function.

Methods inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
addSqlHintOrComment, appendArrayLiteral, appendBinaryLiteral, appendDateTimeLiteral, appendDateTimeLiteral, appendDateTimeLiteral, appendIntervalLiteral, appendLiteral, appendLockHint, appendUUIDLiteral, augmentPhysicalTableTypes, augmentRecognizedTableTypes, buildIdentifierHelper, buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate, canBatchTruncate, canCreateCatalog, canDisableConstraints, castPattern, checkVersion, contributeTypes, createUpsertOperation, currentDate, currentLocalTime, currentLocalTimestamp, currentTime, currentTimestamp, currentTimestampWithTimeZone, defaultScrollMode, doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders, doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters, equivalentTypes, escapeComment, extractPattern, forceLobAsLastValue, generatedAs, getAddColumnString, getAddColumnSuffixString, getAggregateSupport, getAlterColumnTypeString, getAlterTableString, getAuxiliaryDatabaseObjectExporter, getCallableStatementSupport, getCascadeConstraintsString, getCaseInsensitiveLike, getCheckCondition, getCheckCondition, getColumnAliasExtractor, getColumnComment, getCreateCatalogCommand, getCreateIndexString, getCreateIndexTail, getCreateMultisetTableString, getCreateTableString, getCreateTemporaryTableColumnAnnotation, getCreateUserDefinedTypeExtensionsString, getCreateUserDefinedTypeKindString, getDefaultBatchLoadSizingStrategy, getDefaultDecimalPrecision, getDefaultLobLength, getDefaultNonContextualLobCreation, getDefaultProperties, getDefaultStatementBatchSize, getDefaultTimestampPrecision, getDefaultUseGetGeneratedKeys, getDisableConstraintsStatement, getDisableConstraintStatement, getDoublePrecision, getDropCatalogCommand, getDropTableString, getDropUniqueKeyString, getEnableConstraintsStatement, getEnableConstraintStatement, getEnumTypeDeclaration, getFallbackSchemaManagementTool, getFallbackSqmInsertStrategy, getFallbackSqmMutationStrategy, getFloatPrecision, getForUpdateString, getFractionalSecondPrecisionInNanos, getGroupBySelectItemReferenceStrategy, getHqlTranslator, getIdentityColumnSupport, getIndexExporter, getInExpressionCountLimit, getKeywords, getLobMergeStrategy, getLockRowIdentifier, getLowercaseFunction, getMaxAliasLength, getMaxIdentifierLength, getMaxNVarcharCapacity, getMaxNVarcharLength, getMaxVarbinaryCapacity, getMaxVarcharCapacity, getMinimumSupportedVersion, getNameQualifierSupport, getNationalizationSupport, getNativeIdentifierGeneratorStrategy, getNoColumnsInsertString, getNullColumnString, getNullColumnString, getNullOrdering, getPreferredSqlTypeCodeForArray, getPreferredSqlTypeCodeForBoolean, getQueryHintString, getQueryHintString, getQuerySequencesString, getReadRowLockStrategy, getResultSet, getResultSet, getResultSet, getSelectClauseNullString, getSelectGUIDString, getSequenceInformationExtractor, getSequenceSupport, getSizeStrategy, getSqmTranslatorFactory, getSupportedTemporaryTableKind, getTableCleaner, getTableComment, getTableMigrator, getTableTypeString, getTemporaryTableAfterUseAction, getTemporaryTableBeforeUseAction, getTemporaryTableCreateCommand, getTemporaryTableCreateOptions, getTemporaryTableDdlTransactionHandling, getTemporaryTableDropCommand, getTemporaryTableExporter, getTemporaryTableTruncateCommand, getTimeZoneSupport, getTruncateTableStatement, getTruncateTableStatements, getUserDefinedTypeComment, getUserDefinedTypeExporter, getVersion, getViolatedConstraintNameExtractor, getWriteRowLockStrategy, hasAlterTable, hasDataTypeBeforeGeneratedAs, hasSelfReferentialForeignKeyBug, initDefaultProperties, inlineLiteral, isAnsiNullOn, isEmptyStringTreatedAsNull, isJdbcLogWarningsEnabledByDefault, isLockTimeoutParameterized, prependComment, quote, registerColumnTypes, registerDefaultKeywords, registerKeyword, registerKeywords, registerResultSetOutParameter, registerResultSetOutParameter, requiresCastForConcatenatingNonStrings, requiresFloatCastingOfIntegerDivision, requiresParensForTupleCounts, requiresParensForTupleDistinctCounts, resolveSqlTypeCode, resolveSqlTypeCode, resolveSqlTypeDescriptor, resolveSqlTypeLength, supportsAlterColumnType, supportsBindAsCallableArgument, supportsBitType, supportsCaseInsensitiveLike, supportsColumnCheck, supportsCommentOn, supportsDistinctFromPredicate, supportsExistsInSelect, supportsExpectedLobUsagePattern, supportsFetchClause, supportsFractionalTimestampArithmetic, supportsIfExistsAfterAlterTable, supportsIfExistsAfterConstraintName, supportsIfExistsAfterTableName, supportsIfExistsAfterTypeName, supportsIfExistsBeforeConstraintName, supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName, supportsIfExistsBeforeTypeName, supportsInsertReturning, supportsInsertReturningGeneratedKeys, supportsJdbcConnectionLobCreation, supportsLateral, supportsLobValueChangePropagation, supportsMaterializedLobAccess, supportsNamedParameters, supportsNoColumnsInsert, supportsNonQueryWithCTE, supportsNoWait, supportsNullPrecedence, supportsOrderByInSubquery, supportsOrdinalSelectItemReference, supportsParametersInInsertSelect, supportsPartitionBy, supportsPredicateAsExpression, supportsRecursiveCTE, supportsResultSetPositionQueryMethodsOnForwardOnlyCursor, supportsSkipLocked, supportsStandardCurrentTimestampFunction, supportsSubqueryInSelect, supportsSubqueryOnMutatingTable, supportsSubselectAsInPredicateLHS, supportsTableCheck, supportsTemporalLiteralOffset, supportsTemporaryTablePrimaryKey, supportsTemporaryTables, supportsTruncateWithCast, supportsTupleCounts, supportsTupleDistinctCounts, supportsUnboundedLobLocatorMaterialization, supportsUnionAll, supportsUnionInSubquery, supportsValuesList, supportsValuesListForInsert, supportsWait, supportsWindowFunctions, toBooleanValueString, toQuotedIdentifier, toString, transformSelectString, translateDurationField, trimPattern, useFollowOnLocking, useInputStreamToInsertBlob, useMaterializedLobWhenCapacityExceeded

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
  - SpannerDialect
```
public SpannerDialect()
```
  - SpannerDialect
```
public SpannerDialect(DialectResolutionInfo info)
```
- Method Detail
  - columnType
```
protected String columnType(int sqlTypeCode)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    The database column type name for a given JDBC type code defined in Types or SqlTypes. This default implementation returns the ANSI-standard type name.
    This method may be overridden by concrete Dialects as an alternative to Dialect.registerColumnTypes(TypeContributions, ServiceRegistry) for simple registrations.
    Note that:
    
    Implementations of this method are expected to define a sensible mapping forTypes.NCLOB Types.NCHAR, and Types.NVARCHAR. On some database, these types are simply remapped to CLOB, CHAR, and VARCHAR.
    Mappings for Types.TIMESTAMP and Types.TIMESTAMP_WITH_TIMEZONE should support explicit specification of precision if possible.
    As specified by DdlTypeRegistry.getDescriptor(int), this method never receives Types.LONGVARCHAR, Types.LONGNVARCHAR, nor Types.LONGVARBINARY, which are considered synonyms for their non-LONG counterparts.
    On the other hand, the types SqlTypes.LONG32VARCHAR, SqlTypes.LONG32NVARCHAR, and SqlTypes.LONG32VARBINARY are not synonyms, and implementations of this method must define sensible mappings, for example to database-native TEXT or CLOB types.
    Overrides:
    
    columnType in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    sqlTypeCode - a SQL type code
    
    Returns:
    
    a column type name, with $l, $p, $s placeholders for length, precision, scale
    
    See Also:
    
    SqlTypes
  - castType
```
protected String castType(int sqlTypeCode)
```
    Overrides:
    
    castType in class Dialect
  - getMaxVarcharLength
```
public int getMaxVarcharLength()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The biggest size value that can be supplied as argument to a Types.VARCHAR-like type. For longer column lengths, use some sort of text-like type for the column.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getMaxVarcharLength in class Dialect
  - getMaxVarbinaryLength
```
public int getMaxVarbinaryLength()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The biggest size value that can be supplied as argument to a Types.VARBINARY-like type. For longer column lengths, use some sort of image-like type for the column.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getMaxVarbinaryLength in class Dialect
  - supportsStandardArrays
```
public boolean supportsStandardArrays()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Database has native support for SQL standard arrays which can be referred to by its base type name.
    Oracle doesn't allow this, but instead has support for named arrays.
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsStandardArrays in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    boolean
  - getArrayTypeName
```
public String getArrayTypeName(String elementTypeName)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The SQL type name for the array of the given type name.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getArrayTypeName in class Dialect
  - initializeFunctionRegistry
```
public void initializeFunctionRegistry(QueryEngine queryEngine)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    Initialize the given registry with any dialect-specific functions.
    Support for certain SQL functions is required, and if the database does not support a required function, then the dialect must define a way to emulate it.
    These required functions include the functions defined by the JPA query language specification:
    
    avg(arg) - aggregate function
    count([distinct ]arg) - aggregate function
    max(arg) - aggregate function
    min(arg) - aggregate function
    sum(arg) - aggregate function
    
    coalesce(arg0, arg1, ...)
    nullif(arg0, arg1)
    
    lower(arg)
    upper(arg)
    length(arg)
    concat(arg0, arg1, ...)
    locate(pattern, string[, start])
    substring(string, start[, length])
    trim([[spec ][character ]from] string)
    
    abs(arg)
    mod(arg0, arg1)
    sqrt(arg)
    
    current date
    current time
    current timestamp
    Along with an additional set of functions defined by ANSI SQL:
    
    any(arg) - aggregate function
    every(arg) - aggregate function
    
    var_samp(arg) - aggregate function
    var_pop(arg) - aggregate function
    stddev_samp(arg) - aggregate function
    stddev_pop(arg) - aggregate function
    
    cast(arg as Type)
    extract(field from arg)
    
    ln(arg)
    exp(arg)
    power(arg0, arg1)
    floor(arg)
    ceiling(arg)
    
    position(pattern in string)
    substring(string from start[ for length])
    overlay(string placing replacement from start[ for length])
    And the following functions for working with java.time types:
    
    local date
    local time
    local datetime
    offset datetime
    instant
    And a number of additional "standard" functions:
    
    left(string, length)
    right(string, length)
    replace(string, pattern, replacement)
    pad(string with length spec[ character])
    
    pi
    log10(arg)
    log(base, arg)
    sign(arg)
    sin(arg)
    cos(arg)
    tan(arg)
    asin(arg)
    acos(arg)
    atan(arg)
    atan2(arg0, arg1)
    round(arg0[, arg1])
    truncate(arg0[, arg1])
    sinh(arg)
    tanh(arg)
    cosh(arg)
    least(arg0, arg1, ...)
    greatest(arg0, arg1, ...)
    degrees(arg)
    radians(arg)
    
    format(datetime as pattern)
    collate(string as collation)
    str(arg) - synonym of cast(a as String)
    ifnull(arg0, arg1) - synonym of coalesce(a, b)
    Finally, the following functions are defined as abbreviations for extract(), and desugared by the parser:
    
    second(arg) - synonym of extract(second from a)
    minute(arg) - synonym of extract(minute from a)
    hour(arg) - synonym of extract(hour from a)
    day(arg) - synonym of extract(day from a)
    month(arg) - synonym of extract(month from a)
    year(arg) - synonym of extract(year from a)
    Note that according to this definition, the second() function returns a floating point value, contrary to the integer type returned by the native function with this name on many databases. Thus, we don't just naively map these HQL functions to the native SQL functions with the same names.
    Overrides:
    
    initializeFunctionRegistry in class Dialect
  - getSqlAstTranslatorFactory
```
public SqlAstTranslatorFactory getSqlAstTranslatorFactory()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Return a SqlAstTranslatorFactory specific to this dialect. Return null to use Hibernate's standard translator.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getSqlAstTranslatorFactory in class Dialect
    
    See Also:
    
    StandardSqlAstTranslatorFactory, JdbcEnvironment.getSqlAstTranslatorFactory()
  - getTableExporter
```
public Exporter<Table> getTableExporter()
```
    Overrides:
    
    getTableExporter in class Dialect
  - supportsCurrentTimestampSelection
```
public boolean supportsCurrentTimestampSelection()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support a way to retrieve the database's current timestamp value?
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsCurrentTimestampSelection in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if the current timestamp can be retrieved; false otherwise.
  - isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable
```
public boolean isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Should the value returned by Dialect.getCurrentTimestampSelectString() be treated as callable. Typically, this indicates that JDBC escape syntax is being used.
    
    Overrides:
    
    isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if the Dialect.getCurrentTimestampSelectString() return is callable; false otherwise.
  - getCurrentTimestampSelectString
```
public String getCurrentTimestampSelectString()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Retrieve the command used to retrieve the current timestamp from the database.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getCurrentTimestampSelectString in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The command.
  - appendBooleanValueString
```
public void appendBooleanValueString(SqlAppender appender,
                                     boolean bool)
```
    Overrides:
    
    appendBooleanValueString in class Dialect
  - translateExtractField
```
public String translateExtractField(TemporalUnit unit)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Return the name used to identify the given field as an argument to the extract() function, or of this dialect's equivalent function.
    This method does not need to handle TemporalUnit.NANOSECOND, TemporalUnit.NATIVE, TemporalUnit.OFFSET, TemporalUnit.DATE, TemporalUnit.TIME, TemporalUnit.WEEK_OF_YEAR, nor TemporalUnit.WEEK_OF_MONTH, which are already desugared by ExtractFunction.
    
    Overrides:
    
    translateExtractField in class Dialect
  - timestampaddPattern
```
public String timestampaddPattern(TemporalUnit unit,
                                  jakarta.persistence.TemporalType temporalType,
                                  IntervalType intervalType)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a timestampadd() function call. The resulting pattern must contain ?1, ?2, and ?3 placeholders for the arguments.
    
    Overrides:
    
    timestampaddPattern in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    unit - The unit to add to the temporal
    
    temporalType - The type of the temporal
    
    intervalType - The type of interval to add or null if it's not a native interval
  - timestampdiffPattern
```
public String timestampdiffPattern(TemporalUnit unit,
                                   jakarta.persistence.TemporalType fromTemporalType,
                                   jakarta.persistence.TemporalType toTemporalType)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Obtain a pattern for the SQL equivalent to a timestampdiff() function call. The resulting pattern must contain ?1, ?2, and ?3 placeholders for the arguments.
    
    Overrides:
    
    timestampdiffPattern in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    unit - the first argument
    
    fromTemporalType - true if the first argument is a timestamp, false if a date
    
    toTemporalType - true if the second argument is
  - appendDatetimeFormat
```
public void appendDatetimeFormat(SqlAppender appender,
                                 String format)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    Translate the given datetime format string from the pattern language defined by Java's DateTimeFormatter to whatever pattern language is understood by the native datetime formatting function for this database (often the to_char() function).
    Since it's never possible to translate every pattern letter sequences understood by DateTimeFormatter, only the following subset of pattern letters is accepted by Hibernate:
    
    G: era
    
    y: year of era
    
    Y: year of week-based year
    
    M: month of year
    
    w: week of week-based year (ISO week number)
    
    W: week of month
    
    E: day of week (name)
    
    e: day of week (number)
    
    d: day of month
    
    D: day of year
    
    a: AM/PM
    
    H: hour of day (24 hour time)
    
    h: hour of AM/PM (12 hour time)
    
    m: minutes
    
    s: seconds
    
    z,Z,x: timezone offset
    
    In addition, punctuation characters and single-quoted literal strings are accepted.
    Appends a pattern accepted by the function that formats dates and times in this dialect to a SQL fragment that is being constructed.
    Overrides:
    
    appendDatetimeFormat in class Dialect
  - datetimeFormat
```
public static Replacer datetimeFormat(String format)
```
  - canCreateSchema
```
public boolean canCreateSchema()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support schema creation?
    
    Overrides:
    
    canCreateSchema in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if the dialect supports schema creation; false otherwise.
  - getCreateSchemaCommand
```
public String[] getCreateSchemaCommand(String schemaName)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the SQL command used to create the named schema
    
    Overrides:
    
    getCreateSchemaCommand in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    schemaName - The name of the schema to be created.
    
    Returns:
    
    The creation commands
  - getDropSchemaCommand
```
public String[] getDropSchemaCommand(String schemaName)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the SQL command used to drop the named schema
    
    Overrides:
    
    getDropSchemaCommand in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    schemaName - The name of the schema to be dropped.
    
    Returns:
    
    The drop commands
  - getCurrentSchemaCommand
```
public String getCurrentSchemaCommand()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the SQL command used to retrieve the current schema name. Works in conjunction with Dialect.getSchemaNameResolver(), unless the return from there does not need this information. E.g., a custom impl might make use of the Java 1.7 addition of the Connection.getSchema() method
    
    Overrides:
    
    getCurrentSchemaCommand in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The current schema retrieval SQL
  - getSchemaNameResolver
```
public SchemaNameResolver getSchemaNameResolver()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the strategy for determining the schema name of a Connection
    
    Overrides:
    
    getSchemaNameResolver in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The schema name resolver strategy
  - dropConstraints
```
public boolean dropConstraints()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Do we need to drop constraints before dropping tables in this dialect?
    
    Overrides:
    
    dropConstraints in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if constraints must be dropped prior to dropping the table; false otherwise.
  - qualifyIndexName
```
public boolean qualifyIndexName()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Do we need to qualify index names with the schema name?
    
    Overrides:
    
    qualifyIndexName in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    boolean
  - getDropForeignKeyString
```
public String getDropForeignKeyString()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The alter table subcommand used to drop a foreign key constraint.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getDropForeignKeyString in class Dialect
  - getAddForeignKeyConstraintString
```
public String getAddForeignKeyConstraintString(String constraintName,
                                               String[] foreignKey,
                                               String referencedTable,
                                               String[] primaryKey,
                                               boolean referencesPrimaryKey)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The syntax used to add a foreign key constraint to a table.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getAddForeignKeyConstraintString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    constraintName - The FK constraint name.
    
    foreignKey - The names of the columns comprising the FK
    
    referencedTable - The table referenced by the FK
    
    primaryKey - The explicit columns in the referencedTable referenced by this FK.
    
    referencesPrimaryKey - if false, constraint should be explicit about which column names the constraint refers to
    
    Returns:
    
    the "add FK" fragment
  - getAddForeignKeyConstraintString
```
public String getAddForeignKeyConstraintString(String constraintName,
                                               String foreignKeyDefinition)
```
    Overrides:
    
    getAddForeignKeyConstraintString in class Dialect
  - getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString
```
public String getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString(String constraintName)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The syntax used to add a primary key constraint to a table.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    constraintName - The name of the PK constraint.
    
    Returns:
    
    The "add PK" fragment
  - supportsLockTimeouts
```
public boolean supportsLockTimeouts()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Informational metadata about whether this dialect is known to support specifying timeouts for requested lock acquisitions.
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsLockTimeouts in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True is this dialect supports specifying lock timeouts.
  - getLockingStrategy
```
public LockingStrategy getLockingStrategy(Lockable lockable,
                                          LockMode lockMode)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get a strategy instance which knows how to acquire a database-level lock of the specified mode for this dialect.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getLockingStrategy in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    lockable - The persister for the entity to be locked.
    
    lockMode - The type of lock to be acquired.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate locking strategy.
  - getForUpdateString
```
public String getForUpdateString(LockOptions lockOptions)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Given LockOptions (lockMode, timeout), determine the appropriate for update fragment to use.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getForUpdateString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    lockOptions - contains the lock mode to apply.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate for update fragment.
  - getForUpdateString
```
public String getForUpdateString()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire locks for this dialect.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getForUpdateString in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate FOR UPDATE clause string.
  - getForUpdateString
```
public String getForUpdateString(String aliases)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the FOR UPDATE OF column_list fragment appropriate for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be write locked.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getForUpdateString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    aliases - The columns to be write locked.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate FOR UPDATE OF column_list clause string.
  - getForUpdateString
```
public String getForUpdateString(String aliases,
                                 LockOptions lockOptions)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the FOR UPDATE OF or FOR SHARE OF fragment appropriate for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be locked.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getForUpdateString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    aliases - The columns to be locked.
    
    lockOptions - the lock options to apply
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate FOR UPDATE OF column_list clause string.
  - getWriteLockString
```
public String getWriteLockString(int timeout)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire WRITE locks for this dialect. Location of the returned string is treated the same as getForUpdateString.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getWriteLockString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    timeout - in milliseconds, -1 for indefinite wait and 0 for no wait.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate LOCK clause string.
  - getWriteLockString
```
public String getWriteLockString(String aliases,
                                 int timeout)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire WRITE locks for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be write locked. Location of the of the returned string is treated the same as getForUpdateString.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getWriteLockString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    aliases - The columns to be read locked.
    
    timeout - in milliseconds, -1 for indefinite wait and 0 for no wait.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate LOCK clause string.
  - getReadLockString
```
public String getReadLockString(int timeout)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire READ locks for this dialect. Location of the returned string is treated the same as getForUpdateString.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getReadLockString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    timeout - in milliseconds, -1 for indefinite wait and 0 for no wait.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate LOCK clause string.
  - getReadLockString
```
public String getReadLockString(String aliases,
                                int timeout)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire READ locks for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be read locked. Location of the returned string is treated the same as getForUpdateString.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getReadLockString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    aliases - The columns to be read locked.
    
    timeout - in milliseconds, -1 for indefinite wait and 0 for no wait.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate LOCK clause string.
  - supportsOuterJoinForUpdate
```
public boolean supportsOuterJoinForUpdate()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support FOR UPDATE in conjunction with outer joined rows?
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsOuterJoinForUpdate in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if outer joined rows can be locked via FOR UPDATE.
  - getForUpdateNowaitString
```
public String getForUpdateNowaitString()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Retrieves the FOR UPDATE NOWAIT syntax specific to this dialect.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getForUpdateNowaitString in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate FOR UPDATE NOWAIT clause string.
  - getForUpdateNowaitString
```
public String getForUpdateNowaitString(String aliases)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the FOR UPDATE OF column_list NOWAIT fragment appropriate for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be write locked.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getForUpdateNowaitString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    aliases - The columns to be write locked.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate FOR UPDATE OF colunm_list NOWAIT clause string.
  - getForUpdateSkipLockedString
```
public String getForUpdateSkipLockedString()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Retrieves the FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED syntax specific to this dialect.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getForUpdateSkipLockedString in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED clause string.
  - getForUpdateSkipLockedString
```
public String getForUpdateSkipLockedString(String aliases)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the FOR UPDATE OF column_list SKIP LOCKED fragment appropriate for this dialect given the aliases of the columns to be write locked.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getForUpdateSkipLockedString in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    aliases - The columns to be write locked.
    
    Returns:
    
    The appropriate FOR UPDATE colunm_list SKIP LOCKED clause string.
  - getSequenceExporter
```
public Exporter<Sequence> getSequenceExporter()
```
    Overrides:
    
    getSequenceExporter in class Dialect
  - getForeignKeyExporter
```
public Exporter<ForeignKey> getForeignKeyExporter()
```
    Overrides:
    
    getForeignKeyExporter in class Dialect
  - getUniqueKeyExporter
```
public Exporter<Constraint> getUniqueKeyExporter()
```
    Overrides:
    
    getUniqueKeyExporter in class Dialect
  - applyLocksToSql
```
public String applyLocksToSql(String sql,
                              LockOptions aliasedLockOptions,
                              Map<String,String[]> keyColumnNames)
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Modifies the given SQL by applying the appropriate updates for the specified lock modes and key columns.
    The behavior here is that of an ANSI SQL SELECT FOR UPDATE. This method is really intended to allow dialects which do not support SELECT FOR UPDATE to achieve this in their own fashion.
    
    Overrides:
    
    applyLocksToSql in class Dialect
    
    Parameters:
    
    sql - the SQL string to modify
    
    aliasedLockOptions - lock options indexed by aliased table names.
    
    keyColumnNames - a map of key columns indexed by aliased table names.
    
    Returns:
    
    the modified SQL string.
  - getUniqueDelegate
```
public UniqueDelegate getUniqueDelegate()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Get the UniqueDelegate supported by this dialect
    
    Overrides:
    
    getUniqueDelegate in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The UniqueDelegate
  - supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints
```
public boolean supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support definition of cascade delete constraints which can cause circular chains?
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    True if circular cascade delete constraints are supported; false otherwise.
  - supportsCascadeDelete
```
public boolean supportsCascadeDelete()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support on delete actions in foreign key definitions?
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsCascadeDelete in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the dialect does support the on delete clause.
  - supportsOffsetInSubquery
```
public boolean supportsOffsetInSubquery()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Does this dialect support offset in subqueries? For example: select * from Table1 where col1 in (select col1 from Table2 order by col2 limit 1 offset 1)
    
    Overrides:
    
    supportsOffsetInSubquery in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    true if it does
  - openQuote
```
public char openQuote()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The character specific to this dialect used to begin a quoted identifier.
    
    Overrides:
    
    openQuote in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The dialect's specific open quote character.
  - closeQuote
```
public char closeQuote()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    The character specific to this dialect used to close a quoted identifier.
    
    Overrides:
    
    closeQuote in class Dialect
    
    Returns:
    
    The dialect's specific close quote character.
  - getLimitHandler
```
public LimitHandler getLimitHandler()
```
    Description copied from class: Dialect
    
    Returns a LimitHandler that implements support for Query.setMaxResults(int) and Query.setFirstResult(int) for this dialect.
    
    Overrides:
    
    getLimitHandler in class Dialect

Constructor	Description
`SpannerDialect()`
`SpannerDialect(DialectResolutionInfo info)`

Class SpannerDialect

Nested Class Summary

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

SpannerDialect

SpannerDialect

Method Detail

columnType

castType

getMaxVarcharLength

getMaxVarbinaryLength

supportsStandardArrays

getArrayTypeName

initializeFunctionRegistry

getSqlAstTranslatorFactory

getTableExporter

supportsCurrentTimestampSelection

isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable

getCurrentTimestampSelectString

appendBooleanValueString

translateExtractField

timestampaddPattern

timestampdiffPattern

appendDatetimeFormat

datetimeFormat

canCreateSchema

getCreateSchemaCommand

getDropSchemaCommand

getCurrentSchemaCommand

getSchemaNameResolver

dropConstraints

qualifyIndexName

getDropForeignKeyString

getAddForeignKeyConstraintString

getAddForeignKeyConstraintString

getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString

supportsLockTimeouts

getLockingStrategy

getForUpdateString

getForUpdateString

getForUpdateString

getForUpdateString

getWriteLockString

getWriteLockString

getReadLockString

getReadLockString

supportsOuterJoinForUpdate

getForUpdateNowaitString

getForUpdateNowaitString

getForUpdateSkipLockedString

getForUpdateSkipLockedString

getSequenceExporter

getForeignKeyExporter

getUniqueKeyExporter

applyLocksToSql

getUniqueDelegate

supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints

supportsCascadeDelete

supportsOffsetInSubquery

openQuote

closeQuote

getLimitHandler